Most brochs have scarcements ( ledges ) which would have allowed the construction of a very sturdy wooden first floor ( first spotted by the antiquary George Low in Shetland in 1774 ), and excavations at Loch na Berie on the Isle of Lewis show signs of a further, second floor ( e. g. stairs on the first floor, which head upwards ).

Low bandwidth animations transmitted via the internet ( e. g. 2D Flash, X3D ) often use software on the end-users computer to render in real time as an alternative to streaming or pre-loaded high bandwidth animations.

The language area comprises the North German states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia ( the Westphalian part ), Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt ( the northwestern areas around Magdeburg ) as well as the northeast of The Netherlands ( i. e. Dutch Low Saxon, spoken in Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel and northern Gelderland ) and the Schleswigsch dialect spoken by the North Schleswig Germans in the southernmost part of Denmark.

Mecklenburg however is within the historical Low German language area, and the " c " appeared in its name during the period of transition to Standard, i. e. High German usage ( Low German authors wrote the name Meklenborg or Męklenborg, depicting proper Low German pronunciation, which itself was a syncope of Middle Low German Mekelenborg ).

The introduction of the " c " is explained as follows: Either, the " c " signals the stretched pronunciation of the preceding " e " ( Dehnungs-c ), or it signals the pronunciation of the subsequent " k " as an occlusive to prevent it from falsely being rendered to a fricative following a Low German trend.

This is popular with the military and spies, who both wish to minimize the chance of their radio transmissions being detected, i. e. Low probability of intercept ( LPI ) and Low probability of recognition ( LPR ).

That same year, the northern Low Countries ( i. e. the Netherlands proper ) seized independence in the Act of Abjuration ( Plakkaat van Verlatinghe ) and started the United Provinces and the Dutch Golden Age.

# Low levels of exposure ( lower than previously or commonly tolerated ) result in manifestations of the syndrome ( i. e. increased sensitivity ).

In Belgium, the title of Duke of Brabant ( historically the most prestigious in the Low Countries, and containing the federal capital Brussels ), if still vacant, has been awarded preferentially to the eldest son and heir presumptive of the king, other male dynasts receiving various lower historical titles ( much older than Belgium, and in principle never fallen to the Belgian crown ), such as Count of Flanders ( King Leopold III's so-titled brother held the title when he became the realm's temporary head of state as prince-regent ) and Prince of Liège ( a secularised version of the historical prince-bishopric ; e. g., the present King Albert II until he succeeded his older brother Baudouin I ).

** Low serum concentration of functioning high density lipoprotein ( HDL " protective if large and high enough " particles ), i. e., " lipoprotein subclass analysis "

This site was named Gryp ( he ) swold ( e ), which is the Low German precursor of the city's modern name.

While double negation is still found in the Low Franconian dialects of west Flanders ( e. g., Ik ne willen da nie doen, " I do not want to do that ") and in some villages in the central Netherlands such as Garderen, it takes a different form than that found in Afrikaans.

On 5 March 1460 Christian granted a coronation charter ( or Freiheitsbrief ), issued first at Ribe ( Treaty of Ribe,, ) and afterwards at Kiel, which also repeated that Schleswig and Holstein-Rendsburg must remain united " dat se bliven ewich tosamende ungedelt " ( Middle Low German or Low Saxon, i. e. that they remain for ever together undivided ).

Instead, the word " Netherlandish " refers to " de Nederlanden ", i. e. the Low Countries, roughly corresponding to modern Belgium, Luxembourg, the southern and northern parts of Holland and adjacent portions of northern France.

The crystallization of a Walloon identity, as opposed to that of the thiois ( i. e. Dutch-speaking ) regions of the Low Countries, established " Walloon " as a word for designating its people.

* Low emittance, i. e. the product of source cross section and solid angle of emission is small

In a conversation with Holand in 1911, the lexicographer of the Old Swedish Dictionary ( Soderwall ) noted that his work was limited mostly to surviving legal documents written in formal and stilted language and that the root word opdage must have been a borrowed Germanic term ( i. e. from Low German, Dutch or High German ).

The distinction is usually made referring to the plural endings of the verbs: East Low German endings are based on the old first person ending :-e ( n ), whereas West Low German endings are based on the old second person ending: -( e ) t. The categorization of the Low German dialects into an Eastern and a Western group is not made by all linguists.

Bad relations between England and Flanders brought hard times to the shepherds scattered over the dales and downs as well as to the crowded Flemish cities, and while the English, so far, had done no more than grumble, Othon had seen what the discontent might lead to, for before he left the Low Countries the citizens of Ghent had risen in protest against the expense of supporting Edward and his troops, and the regular soldiers had found it unexpectedly difficult to put down the nasty little riot that ensued.

the Low Countries, where the Middle Ages were to last for another two centuries and die out only when Charles the Bold of Burgundy met his first defeat in the fields and forests below the walls of Grandson.

Low temperature thermometry.

The latest Low is a puzzler.

But there is a difference between the present volume and the early Low.

But there was terror in the thirties when the Nazis were on the loose and in those days Low struck like lightning.

that was a nightmarish situation and Low was in his element.

we are stronger and more self-confident -- and Low cannot so easily put us to rights.

It might be that Low has seen too many stupidities and that they do not outrage him now.

Low seems to have supported Eden at first and then relented because things worked out differently, so there is no fire in his eye.

Until he was four years old, van Vogt and his family spoke only a dialect of Low German in the home.

Low inflation was maintained around 2. 6 % annually.

* The Capture of Brielle, marked a turning point in the uprising of the Low Countries against Spain in the Eighty Years ' War.

* In November 2000, nuclear spin temperatures below 100 pK were reported for an experiment at the Helsinki University of Technology's Low Temperature Lab.

* In Astrophysics, auto-correlation is used to study and characterize the spatial distribution of galaxies in the Universe and in multi-wavelength observations of Low Mass X-ray Binaries.

Another famous abjuration was brought about by the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe of July 26, 1581, the formal Declaration of Independence of the Low Countries from the Spanish king, Philip II.

In the remainder of the war in the Low Countries he held high commands, and was present at the Battle of Fleurus.

* Night Waltz II ( The Sun Sits Low ) — Mr. Lindquist, Mrs. Nordstrom, Mrs. Anderssen, Mr. Erlanson and Mrs. Segstrom

* Low molecular weight gases ( Hydrogen & helium ) may be difficult to remove from the analysis chamber, and may be adsorbed and emitted from the specimen, even though not present in the original specimen.

* Low brass is a copper-zinc alloy containing 20 % zinc with a light golden color and excellent ductility ; it is used for flexible metal hoses and metal bellows.

* Low birth weight — in the United States from 1995 – 98, the SIDS death rate for infants weighing 1000 – 1499 g was 2. 89 / 1000 ; for a birth weight of 3500 – 3999 g, it was only 0. 51 / 1000 ).

Similar forms in Low Saxon are mooien Dag, mooien Abend, mooien Mor ( g ) en.

the coupling g ( M ) at a reference scale M. Gell-Mann and Low realized in these results that the effective scale can be arbitrarily taken as μ, and can vary to define the theory at any other scale:

On the basis of this ( finite ) group equation, Gell-Mann and Low then focussed on infinitesimal transformations, and invented a computational method based on a mathematical flow function ψ ( g )

The dependence of physical quantities, such as the electric charge or electron mass, on the scale Λ is hidden, effectively swapped for the longer-distance scales at which the physical quantities are measured, and, as a result, all observable quantities end up being finite, instead, even for an infinite Λ. Gell-Mann and Low thus realized in these results that, while, infinitesimally, a tiny change in g is provided by the above RG equation given ψ ( g ), the self-similarity is expressed by the fact that ψ ( g ) depends explicitly only upon the parameter ( s ) of the theory, and not upon the scale μ. Consequently, the above renormalization group equation may be solved for ( G and thus ) g ( μ ).

In West Low German parlance the ending "… sch ( e )" is sometimes added to surnames of women, related to the standard High German adjective ending "… isch " ( cognitive to English "… ish "), suffixed to nouns or adjectives indicating belonging / pertaining to, being of the kind described by the suffixed word: e. g. de Smidtsche, is Ms Schmidt ( Smith ), – but literally about – the Smithian ( the woman pertaining to a man / family named Schmidt ).

*-chen, e. g. " Brötchen " for little bread ( corresponding with English-kin as seen in " napkin ", Low Saxon ( Low German ) and Dutch-je ,-tje ,-ke ,-ken and other forms depending on the dialect area )

In East Frisian Low Saxon ,-je ,-tje, and-pje are, like in Dutch, used as a diminutive suffix ( e. g. huis becomes huisje ( little house ); boom becomes boompje ( little tree )).

Low key lighting has a higher lighting ratio, e. g. 8: 1, than high-key lighting, which can approach 1: 1.

Low Church parishes tend to celebrate the Eucharist less frequently ( e. g., monthly, but this varies from place to place ) and prefer the terms used in the historic Book of Common Prayer, " Holy Communion " or " Lord's Supper ".

*" Low status women ( e. g., orphans ) may have been particularly vulnerable to being raped because males need not have feared reprisals from the woman's family.

This feature was carried over into the descendant-language of Old Saxon, Middle Low German, where e. g. the adjective krank ( sick / ill ) had the comparative forms krenker and kranker.

While processes inherit the integrity level of the process that spawned it, the integrity level can be customized on a per-process basis: e. g. IE7 and downloaded executables run with Low IL.

* MZR-CD 2. 2 Low Power: produces at 3500 rpm and of torque from 1800 to 2600 rpm, with combined fuel efficiency in 2nd generation Mazda 6: / and CO < sub > 2 </ sub > emissions of 147 / 149 g / km.