; Low-cost, high-capacity memory: By 1995, a music workstation might have 16 to 64 megabytes of memory in a few chips, which had required a rack of cards in 1985.

The organization and its founder, Muhammad Yunus, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 ; the organization's Low-cost Housing Program won a World Habitat Award in 1998.

Low-cost airlines remain a commonly-referenced example of a contestable market ; entrants have the possibility of leasing aircraft and should be able to respond to high profits by quickly entering and exiting.

He was licensed ; he received his first invitation to participate in an international exhibition, the São Paulo Biennial ; and Arts and Architecture magazine published his designs for a " Low-cost Production House " exemplifying his goal to produce " off-the-shelf " houses as efficiently as automobiles.

A location in the computer store is also named for each marked form ; ;

For this step the computer memory is separated into three regions: cells in the W-region are used for storage of the forms in the text-form list ; ;

Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS ( ; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954 ), was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist.

They are used in order for the agent in the call center to confirm the phone the customer is calling from, so that a computer can automatically display the customer's account on a " screen pop " for the next available customer service representative ; they are distinct from purpose-made toll-free ANAC numbers.

In computer science, an abstract data type ( ADT ) is a mathematical model for a certain class of data structures that have similar behavior ; or for certain data types of one or more programming languages that have similar semantics.

Some operations may change the state of the ADT ; therefore, the order in which operations are evaluated is important, and the same operation on the same entities may have different effects if executed at different times — just like the instructions of a computer, or the commands and procedures of an imperative language.

Health-related data such as that from hospital computer systems, clinical laboratories, electronic health record systems, medical examiner record-keeping systems, 911 call center computers, and veterinary medical record systems could be of help ; researchers are also considering the utility of data generated by ranching and feedlot operations, food processors, drinking water systems, school attendance recording, and physiologic monitors, among others.

But the biggest shift in company history came in 1953 ; the Burroughs Adding Machine Company was renamed the Burroughs Corporation and began moving into computer products, initially for banking institutions.

For example a B205 console was often shown in the television series Batman as the Bat Computer ; also as the computer in Lost in Space.

Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes ; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information ; doing scientific studies using computers ; making computer systems behave intelligently ; creating and using communications and entertainment media ; finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on.

Enthusiasts build their systems in order to produce a computer that will out-perform an opponent's computer, thereby " winning " in a contest ; to simply enjoy the best images and effects a new PC game has to offer ; or even simply to obtain the best possible performance at a variety of tasks.

Relays and vacuum tubes ( thermionic valves ) were commonly used as switching elements ; a useful computer requires thousands or tens of thousands of switching devices.

The use of data coding for data compression predates the computer era ; an early example is the telegraph Morse code where more-frequently used characters have shorter representations.

Phenetics did not try to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, it tried to build dendrograms from similarity data ; its algorithms required less computer power than phylogenetic ones.

His own view is that consciousness has subjective, first-person causal powers by being essentially intentional due simply to the way human brains function biologically ; conscious persons can perform computations, but consciousness is not inherently computational the way computer programs are.

The computer itself must first be " trained " before the first or second of these methods are used ; that is, the new user enters the system in a special " learning mode " so that the system can learn to identify his handwriting or speech patterns.

B continued to see use as late as the 1990s on Honeywell mainframes, and on certain embedded systems for a variety of reasons, including limited hardware in the small systems ; extensive libraries, tools, licensing cost issues ; and simply being good enough for the job on others.

Such computers are more versatile in that they do not need to have their hardware reconfigured for each new program, but can simply be reprogrammed with new in-memory instructions ; they also tend to be simpler to design, in that a relatively simple processor may keep state between successive computations to build up complex procedural results.

Each of these three streams may be handled by different programs, processes, or hardware ; but for the multimedia data streams to be useful in stored or transmitted form, they must be encapsulated together in a container format.

As with other tasks performed in hardware, one would expect this to be rather fast ; however, mainstream operating systems, including Windows and Linux, do not use this feature.

" In addition, the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs states as some of its jurisdictional goals: " export controls, including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware ; measures to foster commercial intercourse with foreign nations and to safeguard American business abroad ; international commodity agreements ; international education ; and protection of American citizens abroad and expatriation.

* Special DJ digital controller hardware can manipulate digital files on a PC or laptop ;

Some non-software industries are beginning to use techniques similar to those used in free software development for their research and development process ; scientists, for example, are looking towards more open development processes, and hardware such as microchips are beginning to be developed with specifications released under copyleft licenses ( see the OpenCores project, for instance ).

Indeed, Winograd showed that the DFT can be computed with only irrational multiplications, leading to a proven achievable lower bound on the number of multiplications for power-of-two sizes ; unfortunately, this comes at the cost of many more additions, a tradeoff no longer favorable on modern processors with hardware multipliers.

This isn't true ; deploying HTTPS requires no additional equipment or special hardware.

As it was designed to be the simplest possible stored-program computer, the only arithmetic operations implemented in hardware were subtraction and negation ; other arithmetic operations were implemented in software.

* Lee Felsenstein: A hardware hacker and co-founder of Community Memory and Homebrew Computer Club ; a designer of the Sol-20 computer

The size of the grouping varies but computer hardware nearly always provides a way to represent a processor register, or memory address as an integer ; the set of integer sizes available varies between different types of computers.

* Integrated FPU ( disabled or absent in SX models ) with a dedicated local bus ; together with faster algorithms on more extensive hardware than in the i387, this gives faster floating point calculations compared to the i386 + i387 combination.

When floating point operations needed to be performed they were still performed, but not in hardware ; instead the operations were usually facilitated by transparent software emulation.

Kermit is a computer file transfer / management protocol and a set of communications software tools primarily used in the early years of personal computing in the 1980s ; it provides a consistent approach to file transfer, terminal emulation, script programming, and character set conversion across many different computer hardware and OS platforms.

The field-programmable nature of programmable logic devices such as FPGAs has removed the ' hard ' property of hardware ; it is now possible to change the logic design of a hardware system by reprogramming some of its components, thus allowing the features or function of a hardware implementation of a logic system to be changed.

Avoiding runaway technology can be done only by assuring a humane society ; ;

Still later, the realm of space technology will show substantial gains ; ;

Assistive technology may be used in adaptive sports, where an existing sport is modified to enable players with a disability to participate ; or, assistive technology may be used to invent completely new sports with athletes with disabilities exclusively in mind.

When analog television was developed, no affordable technology for storing any video signals existed ; the luminance signal has to be generated and transmitted at the same time at which it is displayed on the CRT.

Lucifer is the light spirit, which " plays on human pride and offers the delusion of divinity ", but also motivates creativity and spirituality ; Ahriman is the dark spirit, which tempts human beings to "... deny link with divinity and to live entirely on the material plane ", but also stimulates intellectuality and technology.

; Science and technology:

Access to famous persons, too, became more and more restricted ; potential visitors would be forced through numerous different checks before being granted access to the official in question, and as communication became better and information technology more prevalent, it has become all but impossible for a would-be killer to get close enough to the personage at work or in private life to effect an attempt on his or her life, especially given the common use of metal and bomb detectors.

On the one hand, Reagan stated that SDI was " consistent with ... the ABM Treaty ", but on the other hand, he viewed it as a defensive system that would help reduce the possibility that mutual assured destruction ( MAD ) would become reality ; he even suggested that the Soviets would be given access to the SDI technology.

Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum, which chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 bands ( 1 MHz each ; centered from 2402 to 2480 MHz ) in the range 2, 400 – 2, 483. 5 MHz ( allowing for guard bands ).

The use of letter " i " prefixes and suffixes to denote information technology or interactivity was very much in vogue at this time, notably with the launch of the iMac and the iPod by Apple Computer ; according to the BBC, the " i " in BBCi stood for " interactivity " as well as " innovation ".

According to Blair ( 1997 ) British Steel faced serious problems at the time of its formation, including obsolescent plants ; plants operating under capacity and thus at low efficiency ; outdated technology ; price controls that reduced marketing flexibility ; soaring coal and oil costs ; lack of capital investment funds ; and increasing competition on the world market.

Guderian believed that developments in technology were required to support the theory ; especially equipping armoured divisions — tanks foremost, with wireless communications.

Some examples are in improving crop technology ( not a medical application per se ; see BioSystems Engineering ), the manufacture of synthetic human insulin through the use of modified bacteria, the manufacture of erythropoietin in hamster ovary cells, and the production of new types of experimental mice such as the oncomouse ( cancer mouse ) for research.

Their inherent focus on practical implementation of technology has tended to keep them oriented more towards incremental-level redesigns and reconfigurations, as opposed to revolutionary research & development or ideas that would be many years from clinical adoption ; however, there is a growing effort to expand this time-horizon over which clinical engineers can influence the trajectory of biomedical innovation.

One advantage Chaplin found in sound technology was the ability to record a musical score for the film ; he also took the opportunity to mock the talkies, opening City Lights with a squeaky, unintelligible speech that " burlesqued the metallic tones of early talky voices ".

* Chief Engineering Officer – similar to the more common CTO ; responsible for technology / product R & D and / or manufacturing issues in a technology company.