A 13th century book illustration produced in Baghdad by Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti | al-Wasiti showing a group of pilgrims on a Hajj.

* September 29 – ' Izz al-Din ibn Rukn al-Din Mahmud, malik of Sistan

Hillenbrand suggests that the medieval Islamic texts called Maqamat, copied and illustrated by Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti were some of the earliest " coffee table books .< nowiki >"</ nowiki > They were among the first texts to hold up a mirror to daily life in Islamic art, portraying humorous stories and showing little to no inheritance of pictorial tradition.

< p >" Mahmud ibn Lubayd reported, " God's messenger said: " The thing I fear for you the most is ash-Shirk al-Asghar.

< p >" Mahmud ibn Lubayd also said, " The Prophet came out and announced, ' O people, beware of secret Shirk!

Nur ad-Din ( February 1118 – 15 May 1174 ), also known as Nur ed-Din or Nur al-Din (, / ISO 233: / ), full name Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Imad ad-Din Zangi, was a member of the Turkic Zengid dynasty which ruled the Syrian province of the Seljuk Empire.

The red and white flag of Tunisia, adopted as national flag in 1959, was in origin the naval ensign of the kingdom of Tunis, adopted in 1831 by Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud.

Believed to have been introduced by Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud, although some sources, such as Abdel-Wahab, claim that it was in use three centuries earlier, the flag was rectangular in shape and divided into nine stripes, the middle one green and double the size of all other bands, while the others alternated between yellow and red.

After the destruction of the Tunisian naval division at the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827, the sovereign Husainid Dynasty leader Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud decided to create a flag to use for the fleet of Tunisia, to distinguish it from other fleets.

The Bey of Tunis Al-Husayn II ibn Mahmud decided to create the flag after the Battle of Navarino on 20 October 1827, which was adopted in 1831 or 1835.

One Mahmud ibn al-Faraj al-Nayshapuri arose claiming to be a prophet.

Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti, The 7th Maqāma of Maqamat al-Harīrī Arabic مقامات الحريري, dating from the mid-10th century, with a 13th century illustration.

* Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti

Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Umar al-Zamakhshari.

The foundations of the previous structure were laid around 988 A. D. on the orders of the city's chief judge Al-Qadi Aqib ibn Mahmud ibn Umar.

According to some sources, Qutuz claimed that his original name was Mahmud ibn Mamdud and he was descended from Ala ad-Din Muhammad II, a ruler of the Khwarezmian Empire.

* Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi ( died 1330 ), Persian physician

ca: Khalil ibn Mahmud

Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn Khidr Khojandi ( known as Abu Mahmood Khojandi, Alkhujandi or al-Khujandi, Persian: ابومحمود خجندی, c. 940-1000 ) was a Persian astronomer and mathematician who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory, near the city of Ray ( near today's Tehran ), in Iran.

ca: Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr al-Khudjandi

Abu al-Fath Mahmud ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim ibn Fadl al-Isfahani was a 10th century Persian mathematician.

Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Amuli was a medieval Persian physician from Amol, Iran.

However the Ilyas Shahi dynasty was restored by Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah.

Since ‘ Ali ibn Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘ Abd al-Rahman died possibly in 1700, then we can conclude that Mahmud ibn Ilyas Shirazi lived sometime before that date.

Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi ( died 1330 ) was a Persian physician from Shiraz in Persia.

According to the historian Mir Rafi-uddin Ibrahim-i Shirazi, or Rafi, Yusuf's full name was Sultan Yusuf ' Adil Shah Sawa or Sawa-i, the son of Mahmud Beg of Sawa in Iran, ( Rafi ' 36 – 38, vide Devare 67, fn 2 ).

Imad al-Din Mahmud ibn Mas ‘ ud Shirazi was a mid-16th-century Persian physician from Shiraz, Iran.

‘ Imad al-Din Mahmud Shirazi resorted to opium during that night, and, although he recovered from the immediate effects of the cold, he had a tremor for the rest of his life.

Reflecting his own experience, ‘ Imad al-Din Mahmud Shirazi wrote a treatise in Persian on the medical and addictive properties of opium and its use in compound remedies.

‘ Imad al-Din Mahmud Shirazi also composed the first Persian-language monograph on syphilis and an important treatise on China root ( chub-i chini ), the rhizome of an Old World species of smilax found in eastern Asia and advocated for the treatment of syphilis.

* Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Imad al-Din Mahmud Shirazi, Studies in History of Medicine and Science, IHMMR, New Delhi, India, Vol.

He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdülmecid I in 1861.

Abdülhamid was imprisoned for most of the first forty-two years of his life by his cousins Mahmud I and Osman III and his older brother Mustafa III, as was custom.

Brill and Farishta have recorded that the complete conversion of Afghanistan, Pakistan to Islam was during the rule of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni.

The most renowned of the dynasty's rulers was Mahmud of Ghazni, who consolidated control over the areas south of the Amu Darya then carried out devastating raids into India.

Mahmud Shah's first reign lasted for only two years before he was replaced by Shuja Shah.

Only a few weeks after signing the agreement, Shuja was deposed by his predecessor, Mahmud.

Mahmud alienated the Barakzai, especially Fateh Khan, the son of Painda Khan, who was eventually seized and blinded.

A census was taken in the Ottoman Empire 1831-38 by Sultan Mahmud II ( 1808 – 1839 ) as a part of the reform movement Tanzimat.

This came through the influence of Mahmud Tarzi, who was both Amanullah Khan's father-in-law and Foreign Minister.

Mahmud Tarzi, a highly educated, well-traveled poet, journalist, and diplomat, was a key figure that brought Western dress and etiquette to Afghanistan.

It was written in the Tarikh-i Firishta ( 1606 – 1607 ) that Nasir ud din Mahmud the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate presented the envoy of the Mongol ruler Hulegu Khan with a dazzling pyrotechnics display upon his arrival in Delhi in 1258 AD.

Aziz was killed about two years later by Mirwais ' son Mahmud Hotaki, allegedly for planning to give Kandahar's sovereignty back to Persia.

Mahmud began a reign of terror against his Persian subjects and was eventually murdered in 1725 by his cousin, Ashraf Hotaki.

A key force behind these reforms was Mahmud Tarzi, Amanullah Khan's Foreign Minister and father-in-law — and an ardent supporter of the education of women.

The region of Herāt was under the rule of King Nuh III, the seventh of the Samanid line — at the time of Sebük Tigin and his older son, Mahmud of Ghazni.

Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier.

Out of this arose the renowned corps of Janissaries, which was considered the scourge of the Balkans and Central Europe for a long time, until it was abolished by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826.

Zheng He ( 1371 – 1433 ), formerly romanized as Cheng Ho and also known as Ma Sanbao and Hajji Mahmud Shamsuddin, was a Muslim Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, Somalia and the Swahili coast, collectively referred to as the " Voyages of Zheng He " from 1405 to 1433.

He was the younger brother of Giuseppe Donizetti, who had become, in 1828, Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court of Sultan Mahmud II ( 1808 – 1839 ).

The peasant grew tired of waiting for payment and was pressured into selling it to Nicholas Mourousi, Grand Dragoman of the Fleet, working as a translator for Sultan Mahmud II in Constantinople ( present day Istanbul, Turkey ).

In 1821, Mourousi was executed by order of Sultan Mahmud II in front of the arsenal in Constantinople.

He was killed by Abu Sa ' id Mirza the ruler of Timurid Empire and took possession of Badakhshan, which after his death fell to his son, Sultan Mahmud, who had three sons, Baysinghar Mirza, Ali Mirza and Khan Mirza.