Many cells, bacteria, and other microorganisms are transparent to visible light and must be stained for microscopic investigation.

Many of the cells and microorganisms which are transparent to visible light, absorb or reflect the much shorter wavelengths of the ultraviolet spectrum.

Many protists also exist as individual amoeboid cells, or take such a form at some point in their life-cycle.

Many types of specialized plasma membranes can separate cell from external environment: apical, basolateral, presynaptic and postsynaptic ones, membranes of flagella, cilia, microvillus, filopodia and lamellipodia, the sarcolemma of muscle cells, as well as specialized myelin and dendritic spine membranes of neurons.

Many green algae, such as the Dasycladales encase their cells in a secreted skeleton of calcium carbonate.

Many plant cells have walls that are strong enough to withstand the osmotic pressure from the difference in solute concentration between the cell interior and distilled water.

Many cells have only a single mitochondrion, whereas others can contain several thousand mitochondria.

Many neurons have only one axon, but this axon may — and usually will — undergo extensive branching, enabling communication with many target cells.

Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on.

Many argue that these are not themselves alive in the traditional sense, but these structures exhibit many of the characteristics of cells accepted as living cells:

Many transcription factors, especially some that are proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressors, help regulate the cell cycle and as such determine how large a cell will get and when it can divide into two daughter cells.

Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment.

Many cells can completely undergo interphase without centrioles.

Many cyanobacteria even display the circadian rhythms that were once thought to exist only in eukaryotic cells ( see bacterial circadian rhythms ).

Many cells also possess a calcium ATPase, which can operate at lower intracellular concentrations of calcium and sets the normal or resting concentration of this important second messenger.

Many lichens reproduce asexually, either by vegetative reproduction or through the dispersal of diaspores containing algal and fungal cells.

Many bacteria can be found deep in the mucus, which is continuously secreted by mucus-secreting cells and removed on the luminal side.

Many starfish also possess individual photoreceptor cells across their bodies and are able to respond to light even when their eyespots are covered.

Many cells possess these receptors, and the binding of an agonist will generally cause a sympathetic ( or sympathomimetic ) response ( e. g. the fight-or-flight response ).

Many forms of cutaneous and mucosal allergy are mediated for a large part by mast cells ; they play a central role in asthma, eczema, itch ( from various causes ) and allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis.

Many cancer cells are considered ' immortal ' because telomerase activity allows them to divide virtually forever, which is why they can form tumors.

Many pre-invasive lesions in cases of squamous cell carcinoma often regress after long-term reduced exposure of the affected cells and tissues to the original environmental carcinogenic stimulus, such as that seen after long-term abstention from tobacco smoking.

Many are asymmetrical, the cells twisting sideways and then untwisting again prior to division, which often takes place within cysts.

Many ligand transport proteins bind particular small biomolecules and transport them to other locations in the body of a multicellular organism.

Many laws include Lex Canuleia ( 445 BC ; which allowed the marriage — ius connubii — between patricians and plebeians ), Leges Licinae Sextiae ( 367 BC ; which made restrictions on possession of public lands — ager publicus — and also made sure that one of consuls is plebeian ), Lex Ogulnia ( 300 BC ; plebeians received access to priest posts ), and Lex Hortensia ( 287 BC ; verdicts of plebeian assemblies — plebiscita — now bind all people ).

Many adaptor proteins and enzymes activated as part of signal transduction possess specialized protein domains that bind to specific secondary messenger molecules.

Many of these GTFs don't actually bind DNA but are part of the large transcription preinitiation complex that interacts with RNA polymerase directly.

* phosphorylation – Many transcription factors such as STAT proteins must be phosphorylated before they can bind DNA.

Many of the proteins that CaM binds are unable to bind calcium themselves, and use CaM as a calcium sensor and signal transducer.

Many other proteins bind calcium, although binding calcium may not be considered their principal function in the cell.

Many medications are known to chelate, or bind, zinc preventing the element from functioning properly.

Many climbers use tape to bind fingers or wrists to prevent recurring tendon problems.

Many bacteria must first bind to host cell surfaces.

Many genes are suspected to be linked to circadian control by " E-box elements " in their promoters, as CLK-CYC and its homologs bind to these elements.

Many antagonists are reversible antagonists that, like most agonists, will bind and unbind a receptor at rates determined by receptor-ligand kinetics.

Many viruses tend to bind to the lipoproteins of the cell membranes and then penetrate into the cell.

Many of the known MAPK substrates contain such D-motifs that can not only bind to, but also provide specific recognition by certain MAPKs.

Many globular proteins won't bind to the apical domain because their hydrophobic parts are clustered inside, away from the aqueous medium since this is the thermodynamically optimal conformation.

Many of these complexes can bind to common proteins like serum albumin in addition to other proteins with amino acids that are common in protein-metal complex interactions like histidine, cysteine, and selenocysteine.

Many of the known regulatory proteins, such as the Drosophila extramacrochaetae protein, have the helix-loop-helix structure but lack the basic region, making them unable to bind to DNA on their own.

Many other intracellular signalling proteins, such as focal adhesion kinase, bind to and associate with this integrin-adapter protein – cytoskeleton complex, and this forms the basis of a focal adhesion.