He finished Titus Groan and Gormenghast and completed some of his most acclaimed illustrations for books by other authors, including Lewis Carroll's Hunting of the Snark ( for which he was reportedly paid only £ 5 ) and Alice in Wonderland, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, the Brothers Grimm's Household Tales, All This and Bevin Too by Quentin Crisp and Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, as well as producing many original poems, drawings, and paintings.

Additionally, all except Mariner 1, Mariner 2 and Mariner 5 had TV cameras.

Mariner 1 ( designated Mariner R-1 ) was launched on July 22, 1962, but was destroyed approximately 5 minutes after liftoff by the Air Force Range Safety Officer when its malfunctioning Atlas-Agena rocket went off course.

rightThe Mariner 5 spacecraft was launched to Venus on June 14, 1967 and arrived in the vicinity of the planet in October 1967.

Mariner 5 – Defunct.

The 7½ months of flight of Mariner 4 involved one midcourse maneuver on December 5, 1964.

* November 5 – Mariner program: Mariner 3, a U. S. space probe intended for Mars, is launched from Cape Kennedy but fails.

* August 5 – Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars ( 3, 524 kilometers ).

** Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus.

* October 19 – The Mariner 5 probe flies by Venus.

Each orbiter, based on the earlier Mariner 9 spacecraft, was an octagon approximately 2. 5 m across.

Mariner 6 also had the objective of providing experience and data which would be useful in programming the Mariner 7 encounter 5 days later.

Closest approach for Mariner 7 occurred August 5, 1969 at 05: 00: 49 UT at a distance of above the martian surface.

In addition, a small 91 cm × 150 cm ( 3 feet × 5 feet ) United States flag was folded and stowed on board Mariner 1 ( and Mariner 2 ) before it was mated to the Agena.

Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 13,

Launch of Mariner 5

* 1962 – The Mariner 2 unmanned space mission is launched to Venus by NASA.

* 1962 – NASA's Mariner 2 becomes the first spacecraft to fly by Venus.

Space probes have been placed into orbit around all the five planets known to the ancients: first Mars ( Mariner 9, 1971 ), then Venus ( Venera 9, 1975 ; but landings on Venus and atmospheric probes were performed even earlier ), Jupiter ( Galileo, 1995 ), Saturn ( Cassini / Huygens, 2004 ), and most recently Mercury ( MESSENGER, March 2011 ), and have returned data about these bodies and their natural satellites.

JPL also led the way in interplanetary exploration with the Mariner missions to Venus, Mars, and Mercury.

The Mariner program was a program conducted by the American space agency NASA in conjunction with Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) that launched a series of robotic interplanetary probes designed to investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury from 1962 to 1973.

Mariner 2 ( designated Mariner R-2 ) was launched on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus.

rightThe Mariner 10 spacecraft launched on November 3, 1973 and was the first to use a gravity assist trajectory, accelerating as it entered the gravitational influence of Venus, then being flung by the planet's gravity onto a slightly different course to reach Mercury.

Mariner 4 was the first space probe that needed a star for a navigational reference object, since earlier missions, which remained near either the Earth, the Moon, or the planet Venus, had sighted onto either the bright face of the home planet or the brightly lit target.

** U. S. spacecraft Mariner 2 flies by Venus, becoming the first probe to successfully transmit data from another planet.

Mariner 2 ( Mariner-Venus 1962 ), an American space probe to Venus, was the second unmanned space probe to conduct a successful planetary encounter.

Mariner 2 passed within of Venus on December 14, 1962.

A month later, the identical Mariner 2 spacecraft was launched successfully on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus.

As it flew by Venus on December 14, 1962, Mariner 2 scanned the planet with its pair of radiometers, revealing that Venus has cool clouds and an extremely hot surface.

On December 14, 1962, Mariner 2 passed Venus at nearly 41, 000 km, collecting data about the current condition of the atmosphere and of the planet.

This means Mariner 2 found no detectable magnetic field near Venus, although that didn't necessarily mean Venus had none.

On December 21, 1967 communications with Mariner 4 were terminated.

On December 21, 1967 communications with Mariner 4 were terminated.

The operations of Mariner 5 ended in November 1967 and it is now defunct in a heliocentric orbit.

* Mariner Venus 1967 Final Project Report

* Mariner 5 – 14 June 1967 – Venus flyby

Among the missions on which he has participated were the 1967 Mariner 5 flyby mission to Venus, the 1971 Mariner 9 orbiter mission to Mars, the Voyager mission to the outer planets of the solar system, the Galileo mission to Jupiter, and the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter.

He also discovered comets C / 1877 G2, C / 1878 N1, C / 1879 M1, C / 1881 J1, C / 1881 W1, C / 1892 E1, D / 1895 Q1 ( a. k. a. D / Swift, whose debris stream Mariner 4 probably encountered on September 15, 1967 < ref >

It was not until Venera 4 and Mariner 5 reached Venus ( October 18 – 19, 1967 ) that it was confirmed beyond doubt that Venus was actually an extremely hot, dry desert with a lot of sulfuric acid in its atmosphere.

" An example of a so-called " Jonah " would be that of the sailor in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, who was cursed to be lost at sea after he killed an albatross.

Opium was for him what wandering and moral tale-telling became for the Mariner – the personal shape of repetition compulsion.

All of the Mariners launched after Mariner 2 had four solar panels for power, except for Mariner 10, which had two, and Mariner 2, which was based on the Ranger Lunar probe.

The mission was a success, and Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to have flown by another planet.

Mariner 3 was lost when the launch vehicle's nose fairing failed to jettison.

Its sister ship, Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first glimpse of Mars at close range.

Mariner 6 was launched on February 24, 1969, followed by Mariner 7 on March 21, 1969.

rightMariner 8 and Mariner 9 were identical sister craft designed to map the Martian surface simultaneously, but Mariner 8 was lost in a launch vehicle failure.

Its identical sister craft, Mariner 9, was launched in May 1971 and became the first artificial satellite of Mars.

Originally, a Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were planned as part of the Mariner program, however, due to congressional budget cuts, the mission was scaled back to be a flyby of Jupiter and Saturn, and renamed the Mariner Jupiter-Saturn probes.