Manifesto II recognizes the following groups to be part of their naturalistic philosophy: " scientific ", " ethical ", " democratic ", " religious ", and " Marxist " humanism.

* Marxist humanism

His Trotskyism had by then become a form of Marxist humanism, although he never renounced Trotsky.

The status of humanism in Marxist thought has been quite contentious.

* Marxist humanism

* Marxist humanism

His Marxist humanism and his strongly stated opinions on modern art made him a controversial figure early in his career.

* Marxist humanism

Taking a lead from Brecht's twin attack on bourgeois and socialist humanism, Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser coined the term " antihumanism " in an attack against Marxist humanists, whose position he considered a revisionist movement.

Marxist humanism was opposed by the " antihumanism " of Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, who described it as a revisionist movement.

The term " Marxist humanism " has as its foundation Marx's conception of the " alienation of the labourer " as he advanced it in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 -- an alienation that is born of a capitalist system in which the worker no longer functions as ( what Marx termed ) a free being involved with free and associated labor.

Notable thinkers associated with Marxist humanism include:

State-monopoly capitalism was originally a Marxist concept referring to a form of corporate capitalism in which state policy is utilized to benefit and promote the interests of dominant or established corporations by shielding them from competitive pressures or by providing them with subsidies.

Most Chinese history that is published in the People's Republic of China is based on a Marxist interpretation of history.

The Marxist view of history is that history is governed by universal laws and that according to these laws, a society moves through a series of stages with the transition between stages being driven by class struggle.

However, this political restriction is less confining than it may first appear in that the Marxist historical framework is surprisingly flexible, and a rather simple matter to modify an alternative historical theory to use language that at least does not challenge the Marxist interpretation of history.

It is an “ instrument of wholesale destruction, dependency and systematic exploitation producing distorted economies, socio-psychological disorientation, massive poverty and neocolonial dependency .” According to some Marxist historians, in all of the colonial countries ruled by Western European countries “ the natives were robbed of more than half their natural span of life by undernourishment ”.

The concern for a social " base and superstructure " is one of the remaining Marxist philosophic concepts in much contemporary critical theory.

As did Louis Althusser, who later defined Marxism and psychoanalysis as " conflictual sciences "; that political factions and revisionism are inherent to Marxist theory and political praxis, because dialectical materialism is the philosophic product of class struggle:

Marxist orthodoxy is no guardian of traditions, it is the eternally vigilant prophet proclaiming the relation between the tasks of the immediate present and the totality of the historical process.

The International Conference of Marxist – Leninist Parties and Organizations ( Unity & Struggle ) is the most well known collection of these parties today.

More influentially, radical geography emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, drawing heavily on Marxist theory and techniques, and is associated with geographers such as David Harvey and Richard Peet.

Human beings collectively work on nature but do not do the same work ; there is a division of labor in which people not only do different jobs, but according to Marxist theory, some people live from the work of others by owning the means of production.

Perhaps the most influential recent defense of this passage, and of relevant Marxian and Marxist assertions is G. A.

Just as Marx used to say, commenting on the French " Marxists " of the late 70s: " All I know is that I am not a Marxist.

After the French party split into a reformist and revolutionary party, some accused Guesde ( leader of the latter ) of taking orders from Marx ; Marx remarked to Lafargue, " What is certain to me is if this is Marxism, then I myself am not Marxist " ( in a letter to Engels, Marx later accused Guesde of being a " Bakuninist ").

In modern sociological theory, Marxist sociology is recognised as one of the main classical perspectives.

Trotsky's ideas formed the basis of Trotskyism, a major school of Marxist thought that is opposed to the theories of Stalinism.

Rosa LuxemburgLeft communism ' is the range of communist viewpoints held by the communist left, which criticizes the political ideas of the Bolsheviks at certain periods, from a position that is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views of Leninism held by the Communist International after its first and during its second congress.

It represented a powerful branch of communism that existed in opposition to the Soviet Union's " Marxist revisionism ".

Since real political power belongs to the sole legal party, in certain states under Marxist constitutions of the constitutionally socialist state type inspired by the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) and its constitutive Soviet republics, there was no formal office of head of state, but rather the leader of the legislative branch was considered to be the closest common equivalent of a head of state as a natural person.

Opening a Changsha branch, Mao replaced the usual textbooks with revolutionary tracts in order to spread Marxist ideas among the illiterate peasantry.

Stalinism is the ideology that Joseph Stalin conceived and implemented in the Soviet Union, and is generally considered a branch of Marxist – Leninist ideology but considered by some historians to be a significant deviation from this philosophy.

Instead he became involved in the Australian branch of an international revolutionary socialist group called the Industrial Workers of the World that advocated a specifically Marxist worldview.

Meanwhile other former members of the CPNZ in Wellington, where the party branch had been expelled en masse in 1970, founded the Wellington Marxist Leninist Organisation, which in 1980 merged with the Northern Communist Organisation to form the Workers Communist League ( WCL ).

The Marxist branch tended to support the formation of workers ' or socialist parties that participated in parliamentary politics in Western liberal democracies to advance their agendas, while anarchists tended to criticize parliamentary politics as not being sufficiently democratic " from the bottom up " and as providing no democratic control over the workplace and the means of production.

His appointments during this period included teaching as an instructor in Soviet Marxist theory at the Chelyabninsk Pedogagical Institute and a position with the philosophical branch of the Academy of Social Sciences of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Even in the era where it was allowed to be practiced, and not replaced by Marxist philosophy, it was always dominated by Marxist thought ; hence sociology in the Soviet Union and the entire Eastern Bloc represented, to a significant extent, only one branch of sociology: Marxist sociology.

The Marxist elements in the ANM reconstituted its Palestinian branch in the mid-1960s as the National Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

Georgi Plekhanov, the father of Russian Marxism, later introduced the term dialectical materialism to Marxist literature.

Yet, at the 5th Congress of the Communist International ( July 1924 ), Grigory Zinoviev formally denounced Georg Lukács's heterodox definition of orthodox Marxism as exclusively derived from fidelity to the " Marxist method ", and not to Communist party dogmas ; and denounced the Marxism developments of the German theorist Karl Korsch.

The Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara summed up his own appeal to Marxism by stating that Marx produced " a qualitative change in the history of social thought.

Lastly, the undue focus on the Marxist thought in the former Eastern Bloc, often forbidding social science arguments from outside the Marxist perspective, led to a backlash against Marxism after the revolutions of 1989.

As with the anarchists, they too saw the Bolshevik take-over of the soviets ( like that of the trade unions ) as subverting the revolution and beginning the restoration of domination and exploitation ... Over the years this emphasis on working class autonomy has resulted in a reinterpretation of Marxist theory that has brought out the two-sided character of the class struggle and shifted the focus from capital ( the preoccupation of orthodox Marxism ) to the workers ... As a result, not only has there been a recognition that capitalism seeks to subordinate everyone's life ( from the traditional factory proletariat to peasants, housewives and students ) but that all those peoples ' struggles involve both the resistance to this subordination and the effort to construct alternative ways of being.

Nonetheless, libertarian Marxist tendencies such as autonomist Marxism and council communism have historically been intertwined with the anarchist movement.

Several libertarian socialists, notably Noam Chomsky, believe that anarchism shares much in common with certain variants of Marxism such as the council communism of Marxist Anton Pannekoek.

Developed by, and named for, the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin ( Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, 1870 – 1924 ), Leninism comprises political and socialist economic theories, developed from Marxism, and Lenin ’ s interpretations of Marxist theory, for practical application to the socio-political conditions of the agrarian Russian Empire ( 1721 – 1917 ) of the early 20th century.

Moreover, in post – Lenin Russia, in the 1925 – 29 period, Joseph Stalin integrated Leninism to Marxist economics, and developed Marxism – Leninism, which then became the Communist state ideology of the USSR.

Beginning to read and discuss the work of Marx with Li and other like-minded radicals at a Marxist Study Group, he eventually " developed rapidly toward Marxism " under Li's tutelage during the winter of 1918 – 19, looking for ways to combine it with ancient Chinese philosophies that would be applicable to modern China.

In China, the claim that Mao had " adapted Marxism – Leninism to Chinese conditions " evolved into the idea that he had updated it in a fundamental way applying to the world as a whole ; consequently, the term " Marxism – Leninism – Mao Zedong Thought " ( commonly known as Maoism ) was increasingly used to describe the official Chinese state ideology as well as the ideological basis of parties around the world who sympathized with the Communist Party of China ( such as the Communist Party of the Philippines, Marxist – Leninist / Mao Zedong Thought, founded by Jose Maria Sison in 1968 ).

The appellation " Marxist – Leninist " is often used by those not familiar with communist ideology in any detail ( e. g. many newspapers and other media ) as a synonym for any kind of Marxism.

In Britain, the journal New Left Review was founded in 1960, representing a theoretical synthesis of a revisionist, humanist, and socialist Marxism, departing from orthodox Marxist theory.

In particular, Marxism and socialists inspired by Marxist theory, holds that social mores, values, cultural traits and economic practices are social creations, and are not the result of an immutable natural law.

To the extent that it makes sense, there is no single " Marxist theory of state ", but rather many different " Marxist " theories that have been developed by adherents of Marxism.

Mao believed that Khrushchev was not adhering to Marxism – Leninism, but was instead a revisionist, altering his policies from basic Marxist concepts, something Mao feared would allow capitalists to eventually regain control of the country.

Moreover, Mannheim has developed, and progressed, from the " total " but " special " Marxist conception of ideology to a " general " and " total " ideological conception acknowledging that all ideology ( including Marxism ) resulted from social life, an idea developed by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.

A vocal socialist, Childe accepted the socio-economic theory of Marxism and was an early, though unorthodox, proponent of Marxist archaeology.

He had become increasingly interested in socialism and Marxism, reading the works of the prominent Marxist theoreticians Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, as well as the works of philosopher G. W. F. Hegel, whose ideas on dialectical materialism had been hugely influential on Marxist theory.