Materials that were used in the building of castles varied through history.

Materials other than sand are also often used, such as oatmeal, which are necessarily non-toxic and light enough to easily vacuum away.

Materials used include iron, cast iron, solid steel, stainless steel, brass, and synthetic materials like polyvinyl.

Materials used for creating jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BC.

Materials commonly used in urban areas for pavement and roofs, such as concrete and asphalt, have significantly different thermal bulk properties ( including heat capacity and thermal conductivity ) and surface radiative properties ( albedo and emissivity ) than the surrounding rural areas.

Materials and parts used in FAA certified aircraft must meet the criteria set forth by the technical standard orders.

Materials commonly used to produce photodiodes include:

Materials vary widely ; while wooden boards are generally used in high-level games, vinyl and cardboard are common for low-level and informal play.

Materials used include aida cloth, evenweave, and linen fabrics, in cotton, linen, and man-made materials combined in more and more ways ; and fibers from cotton floss to silk, rayon, viscose, and metallic.

In the US, onshore and offshore pipelines used to transport oil and gas are regulated by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration ( PHMSA ).

Materials used depended on the wealth, climate and necessity.

Organic production materials used in and foods are tested independently by the Organic Materials Review Institute.

Materials used in construction include teak wood or tun wood ( Cedrela tuna ), which is a variation of mahogany, for the neck and faceplate ( tabli ), and gourds for the kaddu ( the main resonating chamber ).

Materials used include, marble, alabaster, stone, terracotta, wood ( history of wood carving ), ivory, gesso, plaster, bronze, lead and ceramics.

Materials used to make crowns vary ; some are less prone to breaking than others and can last longer.

The most widely used modules were Financial s and Controlling ( FICO ), Human Resources ( HR ), Materials Management ( MM ), Sales & Distribution ( SD ), and Production Planning ( PP ).

Materials used in the past for arrowheads include flint, bone, horn, or metal.

Materials such as mother of pearl or abalone shell are often used on the slide which covers the mortise, as well as in round decorative " eyes " on the side surfaces.

Materials used in the mosaics include enamel, polished stone, agate, onyx, jasper, cornelian, crystal, marble, and granite.

Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used ( e. g. brick versus stone, versus timber ).

Materials used in most modern tampons are so highly absorbent that they pose the risk of absorbing the vagina's natural discharge and upsetting its natural moisture balance, which is what enables toxic shock syndrome to occur.

Materials used for building nests include fine leaf-fibers, grass, and twigs.

American wire gauge ( AWG ), also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardized wire gauge system used since 1857 predominantly in the United States and Canada for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire .< ref >< abbr title =" American Society for Testing And Materials "> ASTM </ abbr > Standard B 258-02, Standard specification for standard nominal diameters and cross-sectional areas of AWG sizes of solid round wires used as electrical conductors, ASTM International, 2002 </ ref > The cross-sectional area of each gauge is an important factor for determining its current-carrying capacity.

Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include Astrochemistry ( and Cosmochemistry ), Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Chemo-informatics, Electrochemistry, Environmental science, Forensic science, Geochemistry, Green chemistry, History of chemistry, Materials science, Medical science, Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear chemistry, Oenology, Organometallic chemistry, Petrochemistry, Pharmacology, Photochemistry, Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry and Surface chemistry.

Materials, such as solids, liquids and gases, are composed of molecules separated by empty space.

Materials that exhibit body couples and couple stresses in addition to moments produced exclusively by forces are called polar materials.

Materials such as PVC, leather and rubber latex, are amongst the most common to immediately take on the signifying work of fetish attire.

Materials that detonate ( explode faster than the speed of sound ) are said to be " high explosives " and materials that deflagrate are said to be " low explosives ".

In the United States, these acts are governed by Title 40 of the United States Code, " Importation, Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials " ( 18 U. S. C.

Materials and energy are considered secondary factors in classical economics because they are obtained from land, labor and capital.

Materials aimed at instilling principles of nationalism and Islam in children are an aspect of Hezbollah's media operations.

Some examples of this are: R. A. Salvatore's Drizzt of " The Legend of Drizzt ", Kathryn Lasky's Soren of Guardians of Ga ' Hoole, David Eddings ' Belgarion in the Belgariad and Malloreon, Terry Brooks ' Shea and Wil Ohmsford of The Sword of Shannara and The Elfstones of Shannara, Terry Goodkind's Richard Cypher, Robert Jordan's Rand al ' Thor of The Wheel of Time, Pug and Arutha of Raymond Feist's Riftwar Saga, Philip Pullman's Lyra Belacqua of His Dark Materials, Ursula K. Le Guin's Ged, Aerial of the Darkangel Trilogy by Meredith Ann Pierce, and Christopher Paolini's Eragon of The Inheritance Cycleand Ashalind of the " Bitterbynd Trilogy ".

Materials that lack electron conduction are insulators if they lack other mobile charges as well.

Standards that describe calibration and operation for radiation dosimetry, as well as procedures to relate the measured dose to the effects achieved and to report and document such results, are maintained by the American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM international ) and are also available as ISO / ASTM standards.

The top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band might not occur at that same value of k. Materials with this situation, such as silicon and germanium, are known as indirect bandgap materials.

Materials in which the band extrema are aligned in k, for example gallium arsenide, are called direct bandgap semiconductors.

Materials are deposited on top and materials are blown or washed from the surface.

* Materials science / Advanced materials-Scientists at ORNL are involved in studies ranging from fundamental research to the latest applications of virtually all classes of materials.

Materials required for advancing technology ( e. g., photoresists and other polymers and industrial chemicals ) are derived from natural resources such as petroleum and so are affected by the cost and supply of these resources.

Materials scientists have not yet arrived at a full understanding of the effect, but the current theory of triboluminescence — based upon crystallographic, spectroscopic, and other experimental evidence — is that upon fracture of asymmetrical materials, charge is separated.

* Adamushko, et al., comps., Лагерь смерти “ Тростенец ”: Документы и материалы Death Camp: Documents and Materials ( Minsk, NARB Archives of the Republic of Belarus, 2003 ) some 25 pages of photographic evidence ; ISBN 985-6372-30-5.

Materials from organisations with a strong ecumenical emphasis, such as the Iona Community and Taizé, are evidence of this.

In testimony before the Subcommittee on Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials in 1991, US Navy Rear Admiral Thomas Brooks cited this evidence in identifying Egypt as a " probable " chemical weapons possessor.

Historian William Henry Scott asserted in his PhD thesis, Critical Study of the Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History that there is no evidence that any Filipino ruler by the name of Kalantiaw ever existed or that the Kalantiaw penal code is any older than 1914.