Measurement has been important ever since man settled from his nomadic lifestyle and started using building materials ; occupying land and trading with his neighbours.

Measurement consists of using observation to compare the thing being measured to a standard ; an artifact, process or definition which can be duplicated or shared by all observers, and counting how many of the standard units are comparable to the object.

Measurement of birefringence can be achieved using cross polarisers in a microscope to obtain an image of e. g. vesicle walls or using techniques such as dual polarisation interferometry to quantify lipid order or disruption in supported bilayers.

Measurement of pH for aqueous solutions can be done with a glass electrode and a pH meter, or using indicators.

* The Accurate Measurement of g using Kater's pendulum, U. of Sheffield Has derivation of equations

Measurement of the exact amount of fibrinogen present in the blood is generally done using the Clauss method for fibrinogen testing.

Money is the common Medium of Exchange and its most important and essential function is that it is ' measure of value '... Hifzur Rab has shown that market measures or sets value of various goods and services using the medium of exchange / money as ' unit ' i. e., standard or the Yard Stick of Measurement of Wealth.

In-Line Continuous Measurement: Slurry is weighed as it travels through the metered section of pipe using a patented, high resolution load cell.

* Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement, using propagation of ultrasound waves to determine the thickness of metals

* Measurement of the magnetic field of the neutron star Her-X1 using the cyclotron line emission ( balloon experiment 1979 )

Measurement of high vacuum is done using a nonabsolute gauge that measures a pressure-related property of the vacuum, for example, its thermal conductivity.

It can be launched either IMU ( Inertial Measurement Unit ) only, given sufficiently good Transfer Alignment, or using GPS guidance.

This can take place while the well is being drilled, using Measurement While Drilling tools, or after drilling, by lowering measurement tools into the newly drilled hole.

A Synthetic Measurement System ( SMS ) is a common, general purpose, physical hardware platform that is intended to perform many kinds of synthesis, analysis, or measurement functions using Synthetic Instruments.

Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is performed using an exophthalmometer.

The station is now usually one of the top five stations in Bureau of Broadcast Measurement ratings ( using shares ), after decades of being an also-ran.

Measurement in biology using waveguide techniques, such as dual polarisation interferometry, are another example.

Measurement of the Doppler shift resulting in reflecting an ultrasonic beam off the flowing fluid has also been used in the past.

In 1989, Hanssen handed over extensive information about American planning for Measurement and Signature Intelligence ( MASINT ), an umbrella term for intelligence collected by a wide array of electronic means, such as radar, underwater hydrophones for naval intelligence, spy satellites, and signal intercepts.

* Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program discussion of millimeter-wave cloud radar

This flight was the second flight of the Space Radar Laboratory ( SRL ), which consists of a large radar called SIR-C / X-SAR ( Shuttle Imaging Radar-C / X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar ) and MAPS ( Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites ).

Measurement of a target's RCS is performed at a radar reflectivity range or scattering range.

In 1994, claiming a heterogeneous and fragmenting television market ORG-MARG introduced INTAM ( Indian National Television Audience Measurement ).

In 2007, a special letter Q was introduced for track recording trains, such as the Network Rail New Measurement Train.

During the last week of march 1961, Columbus, Ohio was the site of the Fourth Symposium on Temperature, Its Measurement And Control In Science And Industry.

" The Four Books on Measurement " were published at Nuremberg in 1525 and was the first book for adults on mathematics in German, as well as being cited later by Galileo and Kepler.

; Electrocardiography ( ECG or EKG ): Measurement of the electrical activity of the heart, typically with 4 or 10 electrodes on the skin.

Measurement of periodic variations of these active regions can also be used to deduce the rotation periods of these stars.

Earlier in 1961, a Television Audience Measurement ( TAM ) showed that 75 % of available viewers ( 15 million ) tuned into Corrie and by 1964 the programme had over 20 million regular viewers, with ratings peaking on 2 December 1964, at 21. 36 million viewers.

* A. Forcina and G. M. Giorgi " Early Gini ’ s Contributions to Inequality Measurement and Statistical Inference.

) In large implementations, the planned value curve is commonly called a Performance Measurement Baseline ( PMB ) and may be arranged in control accounts, summary-level planning packages, planning packages and work packages.

If a project has a Management Reserve ( MR ), it is typically not included in the BAC, and respectively, in the Performance Measurement Baseline.

The main journals which publish work in econometrics are Econometrica, the Journal of Econometrics, the Review of Economics and Statistics, Econometric Theory, the Journal of Applied Econometrics, Econometric Reviews, the Econometrics Journal, Applied Econometrics and International Development, the Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, and the Journal of Economic and Social Measurement.

: For smaller units of time, see Measurement of hours below.

Measurement of the weight is the easiest, and bullets that are out of round can be detected by rotating the bullet while measuring with a micrometer.

Card and Krueger expanded on this initial article in their 1995 book Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage.

Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity, such as a length, time, temperature etc., to a unit of measurement, such as the meter, second or degree Celsius.

He was back in Chicago for 1934 – 35, spending the year working as a research assistant for Henry Schultz, who was then working on Theory and Measurement of Demand.

The Application Response Measurement defines concepts and APIs for measuring performance and correlating transactions between tiers.

The sea mile has also been defined as 6000 feet or 1000 fathoms, for example in Dresner's Units of Measurement.

An aerial image of Nauru in 2002 from the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program.