Measurements of these lifetimes, as well as of the positronium energy levels, have been used in precision tests of quantum electrodynamics.

Measurements showed that, unlike in former times, the wave energy of the sea is not any more consumed off the beach, today it carries its destructive effects on to the beaches proper.

Measurements of these variations can be used, for example, to determine the orbital period and the radii of the members of an eclipsing binary star system, the rotation period of a minor planet or a star, or the total energy output of a supernova.

Measurements showed the opposite ; the most energy was released at wavelengths between the two extremes, which suggested classic mechanics simply didn't describe the phenomenon correctly.

Measurements of the large-scale B-mode signal have the potential to constrain the energy scale of inflation, thus probing the physics of the universe at the earliest times and highest energy scales imaginable.

On 6 March 1995 the company formed a joint venture with Siemens called Energy Measurements in order to provide a world centre of excellence in energy management and revenue collection systems, focusing on prepayment electricity metering.

Measurements of the effects of the cosmic microwave background radiation in the dynamics of distant astrophysical systems in 2000 proved the Copernican principle on a cosmological scale.

* 1999 — Measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation with finer resolution than COBE, ( most notably by the BOOMERanG experiment see Mauskopf et al., 1999, Melchiorri et al., 1999, de Bernardis et al.

Measurements of cosmic rays showed that their intensity had almost doubled since 1959.

Measurements were continued in order to obtain information on solar protons and cosmic rays.

Measurements of the cosmic background radiation give the cooling time of the universe since the Big Bang, and measurements of the expansion rate of the universe can be used to calculate its approximate age by extrapolating backwards in time.

Measurements for rectangular pattern piece A are obtained by measuring inside circumference and depth of butter mold bowl.

Measurements of polarization are presently limited by apparatus sensitivity and will remain difficult because of the low intensity of the planetary radiation at the earth.

Measurements in one inertial frame can be converted to measurements in another by a simple transformation ( the Galilean transformation in Newtonian physics and the Lorentz transformation in special relativity ).

Measurements taken by Cyril Hazard and John Bolton during one of the occultations using the Parkes Radio Telescope allowed Maarten Schmidt to optically identify the object and obtain an optical spectrum using the 200-inch Hale Telescope on Mount Palomar.

Measurements of ionization rates at increasing heights above the ground during the decade from 1900 to 1910 showed a decrease that could be explained as due to absorption of the ionizing radiation by the intervening air.

Thalen's ' The Examination of Iron Ore Deposits by Magnetic Measurements ', published in 1879, was the first scientific treatise describing this practical use.

Measurements indicated that methane occupied 0-9 % by volume in the GHSZ, and ~ 12 % in the gaseous zone.

Measurements carried out in Ulan Bator have shown that PM is by far the most serious component of the air pollution problem.

Measurements are usually made at a peak to minimize errors produced by errors in wavelength in the instrument, that is errors due to having a different extinction coefficient than assumed.

Measurements of the apparatus are published by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique ( FIG ) in the Apparatus Norms brochure.

Measurements of the apparatus are published by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique ( FIG ) in the Apparatus Norms brochure.

Measurements indicate that on a rifle a muzzle brake adds 5 to 10 dB to the normal noise level perceived by the shooter, increasing total noise levels up to 160 dB ( A ) +/- 3 dB.

RFL Industries, Aircraft Radio Corporation, Measurements Corporation ( founded by Jerry Burnett Minter and two partners and later sold to the Edison Company after World War II ), and Ballantine Laboratories are among those that contributed materially to the prosperity of the area.

Measurements that are calibrated against the current international standard can be converted into mass units using this ratio of grams to IUs ; prolactin concentrations expressed in mIU / L can be converted to µg / L by dividing by 21. 2.

Measurements are performed by measuring the velocity of particles in a remote sampling volume based upon the Doppler shift effect.

Measurements of the apparatus are published by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique ( FIG ) in the Apparatus Norms brochure.

Measurements of the bars are provided by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique ( FIG ) in the Apparatus Norms brochure.

Measurements from the real world ( such as the temperature of a furnace ) are converted to values between 0 and 1 by seeing where they fall on a triangle.

Evidence also suggests that the most recent local glacial stage, the Tioga, started about 28, 000 cal ( calibrated Radiocarbon dating # Measurements and scales ) years ago, reached its maximum extent 20, 000 to 25, 000 cal yr ago, and ended by ~ 15, 000 cal yr ago.

Measurements of compressive strength are affected by the specific test method and conditions of measurement.

Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, commonly known as " FAS 157 ", is an accounting standard issued in September 2006 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ) which became effective for entities with fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.

Measurements to be based on current recommended techniques and protocols.

Measurements can be made in several ways: by techniques that simulate gambles about preferences for alternative states of health, with surveys or analyses that infer willingness to pay for alternative states of health, or through instruments that are based on trading off some or all likely survival time that a medical intervention might provide in order to gain less survival time of higher quality.

Measurements may involve simple metrology techniques, e. g., the measurement of the thickness of a surface coating, or the apparent diameter of a discrete second-phase particle, ( for example, spheroidal graphite in ductile iron ).

Measurements taken by this contact method were often unreliable as machines were moved by hand and each machine operator applied different amounts of pressure on the probe or adopted differing techniques for the measurement.

Measurements include electrical properties ( resistivity at various frequencies ), sonic properties, active and passive nuclear measurements, dimensional measurements of the wellbore, formation fluid sampling, formation pressure measurement, wireline-conveyed sidewall coring tools, and others.

Measurements may be carried out in air or under an inert gas ( e. g. nitrogen or helium ).

This body, the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements ( ICRU ), came into being at the Second ICR in Stockholm in 1928 under the chairmanship Manne Siegbahn and at their first meeting proposed that one unit X-Ray dose should be defined as the quantity of X-rays that would produce one esu of charge in one cubic centimetre of dry air at 0 ° C and a standard atmosphere.

Measurements of carbon dioxide concentration in ancient air bubbles trapped in polar ice cores show that mean atmospheric CO < sub > 2 </ sub > concentration has historically been between 275 and 285 ppmv during the Holocene epoch ( 9, 000 BCE onwards ), but started rising sharply at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

Measurements at 3.15 cm were obtained on 11 days spread over the interval May 3 to June 19, 1956, using the 50-foot reflector at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington.

Measurements, vocalization analyses, and skull X-rays were used to distinguish red wolves from coyotes and red wolf-coyote hybrids.

Measurements were performed simultaneously in two frequency bands of 13. 5 mm and 19 mm.

Measurements of motor currents and forces applied to the surface were not obtained due to the state of the spacecraft telemetry following landing on the lunar surface.

Measurements were to be taken before the shots to determine a baseline, as well as during and after the events.

Playfair's contributions to pure mathematics were not considerable, his papers " On the Arithmetic of Impossible Quantities " and " On the Causes which Affect the Accuracy of Barometrical Measurements ", and his Elements of Geometry, all already referred to, being the most important.

Measurements were interrupted at the end of the Second World War as a result of military bombardment, but began again in 1947.

Measurements were also taken regarding the individualism / collectivism constructs, and the " motives of not expressing opinion " based on a 1-10 and 1-5 scale respectively, in approval of given statements.

Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers.

Measurements were called oxygen consumed from permanganate, rather than the oxygen demand of organic substances.

Measurements of the pole direction were also obtained, however like Dotto et al.

Measurements were taken over a stretch of river between Bradley Brook and Broomhill.

Measurements of the calcium, aluminum, and chromium contents of enstatite in these xenoliths have been crucial in reconstructing the depths from which the xenoliths were plucked by the ascending magmas.

Measurements made between 1965 and 1974 were used to establish the temperature scale for stars hotter than the Sun and this scale is still in use.

Measurements of the peaks originally called by those names showed Kosciuszko to be slightly lower than its neighbour, and rather than re-educating the populace that the highest mountain was Mount Townsend, the names were transposed by the New South Wales Lands Department, so that Mount Kosciuszko was renamed Townsend and vice-versa.

Measurements of vector magnetic fields were initiated during the 1960s.