Category: Medieval European mathematics

Category: Medieval European legendary creatures

Medieval military doctrine employed them as part of a combined-arms force along with various kinds of foot troops ; however medieval chroniclers tended to pay undue attention to the knights at the expense of the rank and file, which led early students of military history to suppose that this heavy cavalry was the only force that mattered on medieval European battlefields, which was not the case.

Mappa mundi is the general term used to describe Medieval European maps of the world.

The clavichord is a European stringed keyboard instrument known from the late Medieval, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras.

Category: Medieval European legendary creatures

To confront each general, the player has to travel to four different continents, each possessing a distinct theme ( Medieval European for Blackmarsh, Mesoamerican for Mazaera, Ancient Egyptian for Thysis, and Greco-Roman for Septimus ).

He also saw in the history of medieval European cities the rise of a unique form of " non-legitimate domination " that successfully challenged the existing forms of legitimate domination ( traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal ) that had prevailed until then in the Medieval world.

With the continual discovery of " new " Medieval and Renaissance fighting manuals, the practice of Historical European Martial Arts and other Western Martial Arts are growing in popularity across the United States and Europe.

* Medieval European T and O maps such as the Hereford Mappa Mundi were centred on Jerusalem with East at the top.

Medieval European maps applied the name Niger to the middle reaches of the river, in modern Mali, but Quorra ( Kworra ) to the lower reaches in modern Nigeria, as these were not recognized as being the same river.

The diagram opposite shows a typical Medieval European sword.

The Society for Creative Anachronism ( SCA ) is an international living history group with the aim of studying and recreating mainly Medieval European cultures and their histories before the 17th century.

Back scabbards were never used in European, Near East, or Indian military cultures, and depictions of such are a modern invention and have enjoyed great popularity in fiction and fantasy, to the point that they are widely believed to be a Medieval invention.

Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account ; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form.

Tempera painting was the primary panel painting medium for nearly every painter in the European Medieval and Early renaissance period up to 1500.

Among the Catholics, Protestants, and secular leadership of the European Late Medieval / Early Modern period, fears about witchcraft rose to fever pitch, and sometimes led to large-scale witch-hunts.

The Medieval Warm Period ( MWP ) is generally thought to have occurred from about AD 950 – 1250, during the European Middle Ages.

* Hafted Weapons in Medieval and Renaissance Europe: The Evolution of European Staff Weapons Between 1200 and 1650 by John Waldman ( Brill, 2005, ISBN 90-04-14409-9 )

* Matthews, W. K., Medieval Baltic Tribes, The American Slavic and East European Review, Vol.

Category: Medieval European legendary creatures

Category: Medieval European scribes

Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination.

Medieval European cathedrals also incorporated symbolic geometry.

Medieval and early modern European courts used torture, depending on the crime of the accused and his or her social status.

Medieval medicine was an evolving mixture of the scientific and the spiritual like Unani.

It set the standards for medicine in Medieval Europe and the Islamic world, and is Avicenna's most renowned written work.

Upon completion of the degree, they will prepare and eventually sit for the state's Board of Education certification examination. In the universities of Medieval Europe, study was organised in four faculties: the basic faculty of arts, and the three higher faculties of theology, medicine and law ( canonical and civil ).

Astrology played an important part in Medieval medicine ; most educated physicians were trained in at least the basics of astrology to use in their practice.

Medieval medicine in Western Europe was composed of a mixture of existing ideas from antiquity, spiritual influences and what Claude Lévi-Strauss identifies as the " shamanistic complex " and " social consensus.

# REDIRECT Medieval medicine

* Medieval medicine

* Gordon, Benjamin Lee, Medieval and Renaissance medicine, Philosophical Library, 1959

Medieval Islamic medicine

* Medieval medicine

* Gordon, Benjamin Lee, Medieval and Renaissance medicine, Philosophical Library, 1959

Medical contributions made by Medieval Islam not only involved the development and expansion of the human anatomy, but also included the use of plants as a type of remedy or medicine.

Medieval Islam ’ s receptiveness to new ideas and heritages helped it make major advances in medicine during this time, adding to earlier medical ideas and techniques, expanding the development of the health sciences and corresponding institutions, and advancing medical knowledge in areas such as surgery and understanding of the human body, although many Western scholars have not fully acknowledged its influence ( independent of Roman and Greek influence ) on the development of medicine.

* Medieval medicine

About 1530 Medieval and Renaissance scholars associated Saturn with one of the Four Temperaments of ancient medicine, melancholy.

The name was transmitted via the Latin delphinus ( the romanization of the later Greek δελφῖνος – delphinos ), which in Medieval Latin became dolfinus and in Old French daulphin, which reintroduced the ph into the word.

Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period in 1683.

In 1919 he became Lecturer in Medieval history at Strasbourg University, after the German professors were all expelled ; he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history.

For Aristotle, the first cause was the unmoved mover, a being which set the universe into motion without itself being in motion, which has been read as God, particularly when Aristotle's work became prevalent again in the Medieval West.

Medieval Japan at first had a similar union between " imperial law " and universal or " Buddha law ", but these later became independent sources of power.

During Medieval times in Europe, the state was organized on the principle of feudalism, and the relationship between lord and vassal became central to social organization.

Sir William Wallace ( Medieval Gaelic: Uilliam Uallas ; modern Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas ; Norman French: William le Waleys ; ; died 23 August 1305 ) was a Scottish knight and landowner who became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

Economies became centered around agricultural manors where warrior-landlords, the Medieval nobility, collected rent from their serfs in the form of their produce.

This Medieval Latin became the common language of scholarship and allowed administrators and travelers to make themselves understood across Europe.

The Annunciation, representing the virgin birth, became an element of Marian devotions in Medieval times, and by the 13th century direct references to it were widespread in French lyrics.

Philo's works became important to Medieval Christian scholars who leveraged the work of Karaites to lend credence to their claims that " these are the beliefs of Jews "-a technically correct, yet mendacious, attribution.

It has been a recorded practice in many parts of Europe throughout the Medieval and Early Modern periods, although became less popular in the 18th and 19th centuries.

The first film under his new contract was the British-filmed Medieval period adventure The Black Rose, starring Tyrone Power, who became one of Rennie's closest friends.

Medieval patrician classes were once again formally defined groups of elite burgher families in many medieval Italian republics, such as Venice and Genoa, and subsequently " patrician " became a vaguer term used for aristocrats and elite bourgeoisie in many countries.

Rather than God's property to be offered at His sole discretion, in Medieval Western Christianity at least, grace became a sort of spiritual currency, and the Church was its banker.

" However, the book became hugely popular, spreading across Britain in the Late Medieval period, when more Arthurian texts were produced, and many of them began propagating the idea that Arthur himself was actually born at Tintagel.

As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation.

Medieval Catholic theology, especially the writings of Thomas Aquinas, had a powerfully Aristotelean cast, and thus term logic became a part of Catholic theological reasoning.

The area became a part of the Medieval Slavic cities union of Cherven cities.

In Medieval times players began to consider it nobler to win by checkmate, so annihilation became a half-win for a while, until it was abandoned.

The long and short hundredweight are both descended from the French avoirdupois weight system, which became established in England in Late Medieval times.

The stone was not one of the avoirdupois units in Medieval France, and never became customary in the British American colonies or the USA.

Medieval Manchester grew around the manor house and the parish church, which eventually became Manchester Cathedral.

These differ widely as Tibetan orthography became fixed in the 11th century, while pronunciation continued to evolve, comparable to the English orthography and French orthography, which reflect Late Medieval pronunciation.