In the first, according to the Megarians, Alcmene was walking from Argos to Thebes when she died at Megara.

However, the god in Delphi gave the Heracleidae an oracle that it was better to bury Alcmene in Megara.

Euboea and Megara both revolted, and while the former was restored to its status as a tributary ally, the latter was a permanent loss.

Byzantium (;, Byzántion ; Latin: ) was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC and named after their king Byzas ( Greek: Βύζας, Býzas, genitive Βύζαντος, Býzantos ).

Capturing Cerberus, without using weapons, was the final labour assigned to Heracles ( Hercules ) by King Eurystheus, in recompense for the killing of his own children by Megara after he was driven insane by Hera, and therefore was the most dangerous and difficult.

4th century BCE ) of Miletus was a philosopher of the Megarian school, and a pupil of Euclid of Megara.

Eubulides was a pupil of Euclid of Megara, the founder of the Megarian school.

His first marriage was to Megara, whose children he murdered in a fit of madness.

Apollodoros ( Bibliotheke ) recounts that Megara was unharmed and given in marriage to Iolaus, while in Euripides ' version Heracles killed Megara, too.

Megara was one of the four districts of Attica, embodied in the four mythic sons of King Pandion II, of whom Nisos was the ruler of Megara.

Megara was also a trade port, its people using their ships and wealth as a way to gain leverage on armies of neighboring poleis.

In historical times, Megara was an early dependency of Corinth, in which capacity colonists from Megara founded Megara Hyblaea, a small polis north of Syracuse in Sicily.

By the terms of the Thirty Years ' Peace of 446-445 BC Megara was returned to the Peloponnesian League.

In the Peloponnesian War ( c. 431 BC-404 BC ), Megara was an ally of Sparta.

The most famous citizen of Megara in antiquity was Byzas, the legendary founder of Byzantium in the 7th century BC.

The children of Heracles by Megara are collectively well known because of their ill fate, but there is some disagreement among sources as to their number and individual names.

These sanctions, known as the Megarian decree, were largely ignored by Thucydides, but some modern economic historians have noted that forbidding Megara to trade with the prosperous Athenian empire would have been disastrous for the Megarans, and have accordingly considered the decree to be a contributing factor in bringing about the war.

The date of its foundation cannot be precisely fixed, as Thucydides indicates it only by reference to that of the Sicilian Megara, which is itself not accurately known, but it may be placed about 628 BCE.

The first known cleruchy is thought to have been Salamis, captured by Athens from Megara in the 6th century BC.

Originally a Thracian settlement known as Menebria, the town became a Greek colony when settled by Dorians from Megara at the beginning of the 6th century BC, and was an important trading centre from then on and a rival of Apollonia ( Sozopol ).

In Megara, Euclid founded a school of philosophy which became known as the Megarian school, and which flourished for about a century.

Nothing more is known of Megara till the period of its destruction by Gelon of Syracuse, about 483 BC, who, after a long siege, made himself master of the city by a capitulation ; but, notwithstanding this, caused the bulk of the inhabitants to be sold into slavery, while he established the more wealthy and noble citizens at Syracuse.

In 458 BC, the Athenians blockaded the island of Aegina, and simultaneously defended Megara from the Corinthians by sending out an army composed of those too young or old for regular military service.

In the early 4th century BC, Euclid of Megara founded the Megarian school of philosophy which flourished for about a century, and became famous for the use of logic and dialectic.

3 km south of Megara is a small community called Pachi, which is famous for its fish tavernas and is visited by people from all over ancient Greece.

The strategic importance of Megara is immediately demonstrated by the appearance, for the first time in 12 years, of a Spartan army under King Pleistoanax in Attica.

All of Sparta's allies agree to sign the peace, except for the Boeotians, Corinth, Elis, and Megara.

* Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens introduces a series of measures ( the " Megarian decree ") imposing an economic embargo on Megara for violations of land sacred to Demeter.

As Hades tells it, Megara sells her soul for her lover, who does not honor the sacrifice and very soon gives his heart to some other girl.

Polyeidos was said to have come to Megara to purify Alcathous, son of Pelops, for the accidental murder of the latter's son Callipolis.

These circumstances are secondary to the fact of Ixion's primordial act of murder ; it could be accounted for quite differently: in the Greek Anthology ( iii. 12 ), among a collection of inscriptions from a temple in Cyzicus is an epigrammatic description of Ixion slaying Phorbas and Polymelos, who had slain his mother, Megara, the " great one ".

This is evident for an island outside of the Laconic coast with the present name Monemvasia, and for the small island outside of the harbour of Megara in Greece.

There is confusion also about his place of birth, " Megara ", which Plato for example understood to be Megara Hyblaea in Sicily, while a scholiast on Plato cites Didymus for the rival theory that the poet was born in a Megara in Attica, and ventures the opinion that Theognis might have later migrated to the Sicilian Megara ( a similar theory had assigned an Attic birthplace to the Spartan poet Tyrtaeus ).

Modern scholars in general opt for a birthplace in mainland Greek Megara though a suitable context for the poems could be found just about anywhere in archaic Greece and there are options for mix-and-match, such as a birth in mainland Megara and then migration to Sicilian Megara ( lines 1197 – 1201 mention dispossession / exile and lines 783 – 88 journeys to Sicily, Euboea and Sparta ).

In 459 BC, Athens took advantage of a war between its neighbors Megara and Corinth, both Spartan allies, to conclude an alliance with Megara, giving the Athenians a critical foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth.

For a time during this conflict, Athens controlled not only Megara but also Boeotia ; at its end, however, in the face of a massive Spartan invasion of Attica, the Athenians ceded the lands they had won on the Greek mainland, and Athens and Sparta recognized each other's right to control their respective alliance systems.

Solon gave voice to Athenian ' nationalism ', particularly in the city state's struggle with Megara, its neighbour and rival in the Saronic Gulf.

Stoic logic traces its roots back to the late 5th century BC philosopher, Euclid of Megara, a pupil of Socrates and slightly older contemporary of Plato.

* Athens, the leader of the Delian League, comes into conflict with Corinth and its ally Sparta ( leader of the Peloponnesian League ) over Megara.

Under the Catalans, the Athenian diocese had expanded its jurisdiction to thirteen suffragans, but only the diocese of Megara, Daulia, Salona, and Boudonitza lay with the duchy itself.

Deeply offended by these Spartan interferences and insults, Athens was increasingly willing to support discord within the Peloponnesian League and took Megara into its protection during its border dispute with the Spartan-allied Corinth, leading to open war with Corinth but not Sparta herself.

It was unquestionably a Greek colony, deriving its origin from the Megara in Greece ; and the circumstances attending its foundation are related in detail by Thucydides.

It is certain that Megara never recovered its power and independence.