* 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Mayans, begins.

The date of the beginning of the " Sixth World " is based on the ancient Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, which when Shadowrun was developed was correlated as finishing a 5200 year long cycle on December 24, 2011.

* September 18 – Beginning of the 13th Baktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar ( 12. 0. 0. 0. 0 ).

These beliefs range from the spiritually transformative to the apocalyptic, and center upon various contemporary interpretations of the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar.

There has been speculation that the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is somehow calibrated against the precession, but this view is not held by professional scholars of Mayan civilization.

In the Tonalpohualli ( a 260 day sacred calendar used by many ancient Mesoamerican cultures ), Centeotl is the Lord of the Day for days with number seven and he is the fourth Lord of the Night.

Although the Mesoamerican calendar did not originate with the Maya, their subsequent extensions and refinements of it were the most sophisticated.

A smooth Olmecan head, an intricate Aztec sun calendar and a sinuous Teotihuacan bas relief are some of the sculptural features of the Plaza that are set off by crushed stone walkways and complemented by groupings of Mesoamerican plants.

The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar dates the this creation of the world of human beings to 11 August 3114 BC ( in the most commonly accepted correlation ) according to the proleptic Gregorian calendar, or Monday, 6 September 3114 BC according to the proleptic Julian calendar.

* 3114 BC — According to the most widely accepted correlations between the Western calendar and the calendar systems of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, the mythical starting point of the current Mesoamerican Long Count calendar cycle occurs in this year.

The Long Count calendar, used and refined most notably by the Maya civilization but also attested in some other ( earlier ) Mesoamerican cultures, consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day-counts, which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point.

A bird image is connected to two glyphs on speech scrolls that represent the date 3 Ajaw on the 260 day Mesoamerican calendar.

Each rope is wound around the top of the pole thirteen times, which by four equal 52 and corresponds to the Mesoamerican ritual calendar.

Many of the distinctive elements of Mesoamerican civilization can be traced back to this period, including the dominance of corn, the building of pyramids, human sacrifice, jaguar-worship, the complex calendar, and many of the gods.

Tzolk ' in ( from the revised Guatemala Mayan languages Academy orthography, which is preferred by the linguists of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, formerly and commonly tzolkin ) is the name bestowed by Mayanists on the 260-day Mesoamerican calendar used by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

# REDIRECT Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

# REDIRECT Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

In addition to the basic function of a calendar — defining and organizing periods of time in a way that allows events to be fixed, ordered and noted relative to each other and some absolute progression — Mesoamerican calendars were also used in religious observances and social rituals, such as for divination.

Common to all recorded Mesoamerican cultures, and the most important, was the 260-day calendar, a ritual calendar with no confirmed correlation to astronomical or agricultural cycles.

In his essay " Chicanismo " in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures ( 2002 ), Jose Cuellar dates the transition from derisive to positive to the late 1950s, with a usage by young Mexican-American high school students.

Many Mesoamerican linguistic groupings have not had different names in common usage for their different languages and some linguistic groups known by a single name show a sufficiently significant variation to warrant division into a number of languages which are quite low in mutual intelligibility.

The process has not substantially declined in usage in the Mesoamerican region, though there has been a decline in North America.

A tamale (, from ) — also tamal — is a traditional Mesoamerican dish made of masa ( a starchy dough, usually corn-based ), which is steamed or boiled in a leaf wrapper.

* The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System — second largest, stretching from Isla Contoy at the tip of the Yucatán Peninsula down to the Bay Islands of Honduras

Mesoamerican cultures also developed their own intricate calendars ; the ancient Maya had two separate years — the 260-day Sacred Round, and the 365-day Vague Year.

* 360 days — one tun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

Early in their culture, the Pipil became one of the few Mesoamerican indigenous groups to abolish human sacrifice.

The tradition of circular temples dedicated to the Feathered Serpent deity was an ancient one in the Mesoamerican cultural region.

In the traditional Mayan ( and Mesoamerican ) community, one of the most important functions was that of rain maker, which presupposed an intimate acquaintance with ( and thus, initiation by ) the rain deities, and a knowledge of their places and movements.

The ancient Huastec civilization is one of the pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures.

It is one of the Mesoamerican calendars, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout ancient Mesoamerica.

Various other forms of handball may be related to one degree or another ; this is generally difficult to ascertain with certainty, and some, like the Mesoamerican ballgame are clearly unrelated.

The origins of horticulture lie in the transition of human communities from nomadic hunter-gatherers to sedentary or semi-sedentary horticultural communities, cultivating a variety of crops on a small scale around their dwellings or in specialized plots visited occasionally during migrations from one area to the next ( such as the " milpa " or maize field of Mesoamerican cultures ).

Of note Merwin discovered one of the site's three courts for playing the Mesoamerican ballgame, which had stone markers with hieroglyphic texts and depictions of the ballgame.

They were so revered, that one of the main Mesoamerican deities, Quetzalcoatl, was represented as a feathered serpent.

100 BC-AD 200 ) Monte Albán had an estimated population of 17, 200 ( Marcus and Flannery 1996: 139 ), making it one of the largest Mesoamerican cities at the time.

Mitla is one of the areas which represents Mesoamerican attitudes towards death, as the most consequential part of life after birth.

The Spanish village was built over a Mesoamerican one, which was dedicated to Tlahuac.

The borough is home to one of the oldest Mesoamerican sites in the valley, Cuicuilco, as well as several major parks and ecological reserves.

Descended from the Aztec version of the Mesoamerican ballgame, the game is one of the oldest continuously-played sports in the world, and is also notable for the fact that it is the oldest known game utilizing a rubber ball.

The use of Mesoamerican calendrics is one of the cultural traits that Paul Kirchoff used in his original formulation to define Mesoamerica as a culture area.

It is one of several Mesoamerican sites with both Olmec and Maya features.

The Madrid Codex ( also known as the Tro-Cortesianus Codex ) is one of three surviving pre-Columbian Maya books dating to the Postclassic Period of Mesoamerican chronology ( c. 900 – 1521 AD ).

Throughout the millennia in which speakers of different Mesoamerican languages were engaged in contact the languages began to change and show similarities with one another.

In the Western Hemisphere, maize gruels were once one of the main food sources for many Mesoamerican peoples, such as the Maya and Aztecs.

* 19. 713 years ( 7200 days ) -- one katun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

* 52 years – length of one calendar round in the Mesoamerican calendar

* 394. 256 years ( 144, 000 days ) – one baktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar

* 5125. 36 years ( 1, 872, 000 days ) – one piktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar