* 1261 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.

* 1258 – Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under, paving the way for its leader, Michael VIII Palaiologos, to ultimately usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.

* Eirene Angelina, who married ( 1 ) Andronikos Kontostephanos, and ( 2 ) Alexios Palaiologos, by whom she was the grandmother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

He was the last Byzantine Emperor to reign in Constantinople before the establishment of the Latin Empire, which controlled the city for the next 57 years, until it was recovered by the Nicaean Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

Andronikos III was the son of Michael IX Palaiologos and Rita of Armenia ( renamed Maria ).

* Michael Palaiologos, despotes

He was the eldest surviving son of Michael VIII Palaiologos and Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina, grandniece of John III Doukas Vatatzes.

Andronikos II also attempted to marry off his son and co-emperor Michael IX Palaiologos to the Latin Empress Catherine I of Courtenay, thus seeking to eliminate Western agitation for a restoration of the Latin Empire.

The dissolute behavior of Michael IX's son Andronikos III Palaiologos led to a rift in the family, and after Michael IX's death in 1320, Andronikos II disowned his grandson, prompting a civil war that raged, with interruptions, until 1328.

* Michael IX Palaiologos ( 17 April 1277 – 12 October 1320 ).

Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Palaiologos succeeded in recapturing Constantinople in 1261.

The Latin Empire of Constantinople came to an end with the capture of the city by the Greeks ( led by their Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos ) a fortnight before Urban IV's election.

* October 12 – Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine co-emperor ( b. 1277 )

He sent Michael Palaiologos and John Doukas, both of whom held the high imperial rank of sebastos, with Byzantine troops, 10 Byzantine ships, and large quantities of gold to invade Apulia ( 1155 ).

* Michael Palaiologos.

His regent was originally the bureaucrat George Mouzalon, but that position was usurped by the aristocrat Michael Palaiologos, who later made himself co-emperor as Michael VIII on January 1, 1259.

This action caused the excommunication of Michael VIII Palaiologos by the Patriarch Arsenius Autoreianus, and a later revolt led by a Pseudo-John IV near Nicaea.

# redirect Michael VIII Palaiologos

Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (; 1223 – 11 December 1282 ) reigned as Byzantine Emperor 1259 – 1282.

Michael VIII Palaiologos was the son of the megas domestikos Andronikos Doukas Komnenos Palaiologos by Theodora Angelina, the granddaughter of Emperor Alexios III Angelos and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.