Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Y is otherwise found mainly among Nivkhs, and with lower frequency among Tungusic peoples, Koreans, Mongols ( including Kalmyks and Buryats ), Chinese, Japanese, Central Asians, South Siberian Turkic peoples ( e. g. Tuvans, Todjins, Soyots ), Koryaks, Alyutors, Itelmens, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, and Malaysians.

:* Mitochondrial – loci are situated on the mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA sequences support the theory that these are recently diverged separate species.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the split between Eudyptula and Spheniscus occurred around 25 million years ago, with the ancestors of the White-flippered and Little Penguins diverging about 2. 7 million years ago.

Mitochondrial DNA.

Mitochondrial DNA haplotype comparisons suggest that it diverged from the other Ostriches not quite four mya due to formation of the East African Rift.

" Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus ".

" Mitochondrial DNA variability of the grey wolf-genetic consequences of population decline and habitat fragmentation ".

Mitochondrial DNA extracted from eastern North American wolves killed in the 1800s is not of gray wolf origin.

* Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs, B. Malyarchuk, T. Grzybowski, M. Derenko, M. Perkova, T. Vanecek, J. Lazur, P. Gomolcaknd I. Tsybovsky, Oxford Journals

Mitochondrial DNA variation from Madagascar to Easter islands "

Mitochondrial DNA provides evidence of restricted gene flow between different colonies, strongly suggesting philopatry.

Mitochondrial DNA has been extracted from two Scytho-Siberian skeletons found in the Altai Republic ( Russia ).

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the genus split from other penguins around 38 million years ago, about 2 million years after the ancestors of the genus Aptenodytes.

Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) and Y-chromosome DNA are commonly used to trace ancestry in this manner.

This leads to the construction of a DNA family tree where the branches are in biological terms clades, and the common ancestors such as Mitochondrial Eve sit at branching points in this tree.

The variation of mitochondrial DNA between different people can be used to estimate the time back to a common ancestor, such as Mitochondrial Eve.

Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA or mDNA ) is the DNA located in organelles called mitochondria, structures within eukaryotic cells that convert the chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).

Mitochondrial DNA can be regarded as the smallest chromosome.

Mitochondrial DNA was discovered in the 1960s by Margit M. K. Nass and Sylvan Nass by electron microscopy as DNase-sensitive thread inside mitochondria, and by Ellen Haslbrunner, Hans Tuppy and Gottfried Schatz by biochemical assays on highly purified mitochondrial fractions.

* Mitochondrial DNA ( journal )

( 1998 ) " Mitochondrial DNA analysis of northwest African populations reveals genetic exchanges with European, near-eastern, and sub-Saharan populations ".

Mitochondrial matrix targeting sequences are rich in positively charged amino acids and hydroxylated ones.

Mitochondrial gene sequences also provide support for this hypothesis.

* Väli, Ülo ( 2006 ): Mitochondrial DNA sequences support species status for the Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata.

* Väli, Ülo ( 2006 ): Mitochondrial DNA sequences support species status for the Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

* ( 2000 ): A Molecular Phylogeny of the Dove Genus Zenaida: Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA sequences.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

* Johnson, Kevin P. & Clayton, Dale H. ( 2000 ): A Molecular Phylogeny of the Dove Genus Zenaida: Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA sequences.

Mitochondrial variation in living African lions seemed to be modest according to some newer studies, therefore all sub-Saharan lions sometimes have been considered a single subspecies.

Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived around 200, 000 years ago, most likely in East Africa, when Homo sapiens sapiens ( anatomically modern humans ) were developing as a population distinct from other human sub-species.

*" Y-chromosomal Adam ", the most recent male-line common ancestor of all living men, was much more recent than Mitochondrial Eve, but is also likely to have been long before the Identical ancestors point.

Mitochondrial DNA studies have demonstrated that the white-breasted northern subspecies of Eurasian Nuthatch, S. ( europea ) arctica, is distinctive and also a possible candidate for full species status.

Mitochondrial DNA analyses to determine the evolutionary history of yaks have been somewhat ambiguous.

All living humans are also descended matrilineally from Mitochondrial Eve who is thought to have lived earlier, about 190, 000 – 200, 000 years ago.

Y-chromosomal Adam and Mitochondrial Eve need not have lived at the same time.

Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam have been established by researchers using genealogical DNA tests.

Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived about 140, 000 years ago.

Comparative studies on the Mitochondrial DNA of various wolf subspecies have shown that the European line of wolves originated over 150, 000 years ago, making them around the same age as North American wolves, but significantly younger than Asiatic subspecies.