* Mitochondrial Eve, the matrilineal most recent common ancestor of modern humans

After analysing genealogy trees constructed using 133 types of mtDNA, researchers concluded that all were descended from a female African progenitor, dubbed Mitochondrial Eve.

While earliest known fossils of anatomically modern humans date from around 195, 000 years ago, the matrilinear most recent common ancestor shared by all living humans ( dubbed Mitochondrial Eve ), is dated to about 120-150 thousand years ago.

* Mitochondrial Eve

Mitochondrial Eve ( mt-mrca ) is the name given by researchers to the woman who, by matrilineal reckoning, is the most recent common ancestor ( mrca ) for all living humans.

The time she lived is calculated scientifically, based on the molecular clock technique of correlating elapsed time with observed genetic drift, see Mitochondrial Eve.

* Mitochondrial Eve, the oldest female ancestor of all humans alive.

In the field of human genetics, Mitochondrial Eve refers to the matrilineal most recent common ancestor ( MRCA ) of modern humans.

Mitochondrial Eve is the female counterpart of Y-chromosomal Adam, the patrilineal most recent common ancestor, although they lived thousands of years apart.

But none of the female contemporaries of the " Mitochondrial Eve " has descendants living now in an unbroken female line.

Mitochondrial Eve lived later than Homo heidelbergensis and the emergence of Homo neanderthalensis, but earlier than the out of Africa migration.

Through Genetic drift | random drift or selection the female-lineage will trace back to a single female, such as Mitochondrial Eve.

This leads to the construction of a DNA family tree where the branches are in biological terms clades, and the common ancestors such as Mitochondrial Eve sit at branching points in this tree.

The mitochondrial clade which Mitochondrial Eve defines is the species Homo sapiens sapiens itself, or at least the current population or " chronospecies " as it exists today.

The variation of mitochondrial DNA between different people can be used to estimate the time back to a common ancestor, such as Mitochondrial Eve.

Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor for all modern humans.

The date when Mitochondrial Eve lived is estimated by determining the MRCA of a sample of mtDNA lineages.

Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor, not the most recent common ancestor ( MRCA ).

This is far more recent than Mitochondrial Eve.

*" Y-chromosomal Adam ", the most recent male-line common ancestor of all living men, was much more recent than Mitochondrial Eve, but is also likely to have been long before the Identical ancestors point.

* Mitochondrial Eve, the most recent female-line common ancestor of all living people.

Initially there was a lot of resistance against the Mitochondrial Eve hypothesis.

Mitochondrial Eve is named after mitochondria and the Biblical Eve.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Y is otherwise found mainly among Nivkhs, and with lower frequency among Tungusic peoples, Koreans, Mongols ( including Kalmyks and Buryats ), Chinese, Japanese, Central Asians, South Siberian Turkic peoples ( e. g. Tuvans, Todjins, Soyots ), Koryaks, Alyutors, Itelmens, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, and Malaysians.

MAC, also called " Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization Pore " is regulated by various proteins, such as those encoded by the mammalian Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptopic genes, the homologs of the ced-9 gene found in C. elegans.

Mitochondrial ATP production is also vital for cell division in addition to other basic functions in the cell including the regulation of cell volume, solute concentration, and cellular architecture.

Mitochondrial DNA extracted from eastern North American wolves killed in the 1800s is not of gray wolf origin.

* In River Out of Eden, Richard Dawkins discusses human ancestry in the context of a river of genes and shows that Mitochondrial Eve is one of the many common ancestors we can trace back to via different gene pathways.

* Krishna Kunchithapadam, " What, if anything, is a Mitochondrial Eve?

Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA or mDNA ) is the DNA located in organelles called mitochondria, structures within eukaryotic cells that convert the chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).

The concept of the Mitochondrial Eve is based on the same type of analysis, attempting to discover the origin of humanity by tracking the lineage back in time.

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited almost exclusively through the female line ; all children inherit it only from their mothers.

Mitochondrial hexokinase is highly elevated in rapidly-growing malignant tumor cells, with levels up to 200 times higher than normal tissues.

Mitochondrial DNA, however, is strictly inherited from the mother and each mitochondrial organelle typically contains multiple mtDNA copies ( see Heteroplasmy ).

Mitochondrial disease may become clinically apparent once the number of affected mitochondria reaches a certain level ; this phenomenon is called " threshold expression ".

Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived about 140, 000 years ago.

Mitochondrial variation in living African lions seemed to be modest according to some newer studies, therefore all sub-Saharan lions sometimes have been considered a single subspecies.

Mitochondrial DNA sequences in 2009 have identified five distinct California sea lion populations: the US or Pacific Temperate stock, the Western Baja California or Pacific Tropical stock, and the Southern, Central, and Northern Gulf of California stocks.

Mitochondrial DNA studies have demonstrated that the white-breasted northern subspecies of Eurasian Nuthatch, S. ( europea ) arctica, is distinctive and also a possible candidate for full species status.

Mitochondrial DNA analyses to determine the evolutionary history of yaks have been somewhat ambiguous.

All living humans are also descended matrilineally from Mitochondrial Eve who is thought to have lived earlier, about 190, 000 – 200, 000 years ago.

Y-chromosomal Adam and Mitochondrial Eve need not have lived at the same time.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam have been established by researchers using genealogical DNA tests.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest that the ancestor of Bolle's Pigeon may have arrived in the Canaries about 5 mya, but an older lineage that gave rise to another Canarian endemic, the Laurel Pigeon, C. junoniae, may date from 20 mya.

Comparative studies on the Mitochondrial DNA of various wolf subspecies have shown that the European line of wolves originated over 150, 000 years ago, making them around the same age as North American wolves, but significantly younger than Asiatic subspecies.