On the other hand, the bright vision of the future has been directly stated in science fiction concerned with projecting ideal societies -- science fiction, of course, is related, if sometimes distantly, to that utopian literature optimistic about science, literature whose period of greatest vigor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries produced Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia.

Modern cartography is closely integrated with geographic information science ( GIScience ) and constitutes many theoretical and practical foundations of geographic information systems.

In addition to fundamental contributions in several branches of theoretical computer science, Knuth is the creator of the TeX computer typesetting system, the related METAFONT font definition language and rendering system, and the Computer Modern family of typefaces.

Modern ecology transformed into a more rigorous science in the late 19th century.

Modern ecology is a young science that first attracted substantial scientific attention toward the end of the 19th century ( around the same time that evolutionary studies were gaining scientific interest ).

Modern phylogenetics and paleontology work together in the clarification of science ’ s still dim view of the appearance of life and its evolution during deep time on earth.

Modern engineering as it is understood today took form during the scientific revolution, though much of the mathematics and science was built on the work of the Greeks, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Chinese, Indians and Muslims.

Modern materials science evolved directly from metallurgy, which itself evolved from mining and ( likely ) ceramics and the use of fire.

In Whitehead's Science and the Modern World ( 1925 ), he noted that the human intuitions and experiences of science, aesthetics, ethics, and religion influence the worldview of a community, but that in the last several centuries science dominates Western culture.

Modern science fiction in China mainly depends on the magazine Science Fiction World.

Modern scholars regard this claim as mistaken, as the contemporary historians of science David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers write: " there was scarcely a Christian scholar of the Middle Ages who did not acknowledge sphericity and even know its approximate circumference.

Modern Uyghur medical hospitals adopted modern medical science and medicine and adopted evidence-based pharmaceutical technology to traditional medicines.

The 2nd millennium was the thousand-year period that commenced on January 1, 1001 and ended on December 31, 2000, encompasses the High Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Early Modern Age, the age of Colonialism, industrialization, the rise of nation states, and culminates in the 20th century with the impact of science, widespread education, and universal health care and vaccinations in many nations.

Philosophers of science began to pay increasing attention to developments in biology, from the rise of the Modern synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s to the discovery of the structure of Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) in 1953 to more recent advances in genetic engineering.

Whitehead's metaphysical views, which he called process philosophy emerged in The Concept of Nature ( 1920 ) and were expanded in Science and the Modern World ( 1925 ), also an important study in the history of ideas and the role of science and mathematics in the rise of Western civilization.

Modern agricultural science has greatly reduced the use of tillage.

Modern cognitive science and neuroscience show that studying the role of emotion in mental function ( including topics ranging from flashes of scientific insight to making future plans ), that no human has ever satisfied this criterion, except perhaps a person with no affective feelings, for example an individual with a massively damaged amygdala or severe psychopathy.

Modern science records the meteorite as a L6 ordinary chondrite.

Modern science confirms that comfrey can influence the course of bone ailments.

He has written popular books on the implications of science, notably The Tao of Physics, subtitled An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism.

Modern science now understands that such a code of sexual conduct is also organically assisted by neurochemical changes in brain states of intense meditators ( reduced dopamine and increased oxytocin ) that induce general relaxation and mental stability, and is not sheerly by willpower alone.

Modern medical science suggests the lack of defecation over such a long period of time would cause severe bowel problems, especially when other food later began to be consumed again.

Modern physics has developed the theory that all matter consists of minute waves of energy.

Modern man, as Dietrich Bonhoeffer has told us, has `` come of age '' ; ;

Modern psychology has shown that paralleling `` the authoritarian personality '' is `` the bigoted personality '' in which insecurity, inferiority, suspicion, and distrust combine to provide a target for antagonism so indispensable that it will be manufactured if it does not exist naturally.

Modern Westerners have difficulty comprehending this fusion of moral and material, largely because in the West the historical trend has been to deny the connection.

Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic, Kabyle and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history.

In Modern Greek, vowel length has been lost, and all instances of alpha represent the short.

From the Early Modern period, their name has become a term for female warriors in general.

* Swearingen Jr., William Scott Environmental City: People, Place, and the Meaning of Modern Austin ( University of Texas Press ; 2010 ) 273 pages ; traces the history of environmentalism in the Texas capital, which has been part of a larger effort to preserve Austin's quality of life and sense of place.

During the more recent Modern era and in the Post-Modern period the artillery crew has used wheeled or tracked vehicles as a mode of transportation.

Modern coastal artillery ( for example, Russia's " Bereg " system ) is often self propelled, ( allowing it to avoid counter-battery fire ) and fully integrated, meaning that each battery has all of the support systems that it requires ( maintenance, targeting radar, etc.

Modern genetics has made clear that the lack of use does not, in itself, necessitate a feature's disappearance.

Modern ballroom dance has its roots early in the 20th century, when several different things happened more or less at the same time.

Modern technology ( the internet and cheaper home printing ) has also influenced board games via the phenomenon of print-and-play board games that you buy and print yourself.

It is written in English, very similar to the Early Modern English linguistic style of the King James Version of the Bible, and has since been fully or partially translated into 108 languages.

Modern barter and trade has evolved considerably to become an effective method of increasing sales, conserving cash, moving inventory, and making use of excess production capacity for businesses around the world.

Modern biotechnology has evolved, making it possible to produce more easily and relatively cheaply human growth hormone, clotting factors for hemophiliacs, fertility drugs, erythropoietin and other drugs.

Although some of Chaplin's critics have claimed that credit for his film music should be given to the composers who worked with him, for example Raksin, who worked with Chaplin on Modern Times, has stressed Chaplin's creative position and active participation in the composing process.

Modern cultural anthropology has its origins in, and developed in reaction to, 19th century " ethnology ", which involves the organized comparison of human societies.

Modern research has located 20, 000 mass graves from the Khmer Rouge era all over Cambodia.

More recently, Modern Family character Cameron Tucker has been shown as a Bears fan.

Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as " football ", played at public schools in England in the mid-19th century.

Modern citizenship has often been looked at as two competing underlying ideas:

Modern American politics has been described as a duopoly since the Republican and Democratic parties have dominated and framed policy debate as well as the public discourse on matters of national concern for about a century and a half.