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Molecular diagnostic techniques for the detection of phytoplasma began to emerge in the 1980s and included ELISA based methods.
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Molecular and techniques
Molecular biology techniques can help drive breeding programs by directing selection of superior animals.
Molecular analytical techniques developed in the late 20th century are being applied to questions of taxonomic classification.
* In silico simulation of Molecular Biology Techniques-A place to learn typing techniques by simulating them
Molecular systematics has been made possible by the availability of techniques for DNA sequencing, which allow the determination of the exact sequence of nucleotides or bases in either DNA or RNA.
Molecular clock users have developed workaround solutions using a number of statistical approaches including maximum likelihood techniques and later Bayesian modeling.
Von Ardenne was made head of Institute A, Goals of Manfred von Ardenne ’ s Institute A included: ( 1 ) Electromagnetic separation of isotopes, for which von Ardenne was the leader, ( 2 ) Techniques for manufacturing porous barriers for isotope separation, for which Peter Adolf Thiessen was the leader, and ( 3 ) Molecular techniques for separation of uranium isotopes, for which Max Steenbeck was the leader.
* Molecular biology techniques such as DNA microarrays, in situ hybridization, combined to PCR, Computational genomics, and Transfection ; Cell fractionation or Immunoprecipitation
Molecular modeling encompasses all theoretical methods and computational techniques used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules.
Molecular techniques are used for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and severe combined immunodeficiency.
Molecular techniques have been used to further understand the signaling pathways that occur between arbuscular mycorrhizae and the plant roots.
Molecular and for
* 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid " describing the double helix structure of DNA.
Molecular mechanics simulations, for example, use a single classical expression for the energy of a compound, for instance the harmonic oscillator.
Two sister organizations were formed: the Institute for Molecular Manufacturing and the Center for Constitutional Issues in Technology.
Confirmation and clarity came a year later in 1953, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick correctly hypothesized, in their journal article " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid ", the double helix structure of DNA, and suggested the copying mechanism by which DNA functions as hereditary material.
In practice, credit has accrued to both the inventor and the company ( although not its individual workers ) in the form of a Nobel Prize and a $ 10, 000 Cetus bonus for Mullis and $ 300 million for Cetus when the company sold the patent to Roche Molecular Systems.
", Micro and Mol Biol Revs, 68, 796-813 ( available online at Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, American Society for Microbiology )
For instance, polyethylene ( PE ) is a cheap, low friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas medium-density polyethylene ( MDPE ) is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip joints.
In 1992, Drexler published Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, a detailed proposal for synthesizing stiff covalent structures using a table-top factory.
* Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance Edited by BC Crandall ( ISBN 0-262-53137-2 ) offers interesting ideas for MNT applications.
Molecular nanotechnology is highly theoretical, seeking to anticipate what inventions nanotechnology might yield and to propose an agenda for future inquiry.
According to Robert Freitas of the Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, a typical blood borne medical nanorobot would be between 0. 5-3 micrometres in size, because that is the maximum size possible due to capillary passage requirement.
Robert A. Freitas Jr. is a Senior Research Fellow, one of four researchers at the nonprofit foundation Institute for Molecular Manufacturing in Palo Alto, California.
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