Molecular phylogeny of the cardueline finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers.

Molecular phylogeny and floral evolution of Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, and Alzateaceae ( Myrtales ).

* Molecular phylogeny

Molecular studies, however, have shown that the Cetacea descend from the Artiodactyl ancestors, although the precise phylogeny within the order remains uncertain.

Molecular phylogeny studies, however, have shown that the mysterious mesozoans are polyphyletic.

Molecular phylogeny of fig wasps.

Molecular phylogeny, particularly with the advent of nuclear DNA testing in addition to the mDNA testing ( testing in the Conidae initially began by Christopher Meyer and Alan Kohn ) is continuing on the Conidae.

Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and related genera ( Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae ).

Molecular phylogeny of the parrotbills ( Paradoxornithidae ).

* Fuchs, J .; Ohlson, J. I .; Ericson, Per G. P. & Pasquet, E. ( 2006 ): Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the piculets ( Piciformes: Picumninae ).

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae ( Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: higher classification and biogeography.

Molecular phylogeny of Pinaceae and Pinus.

* Takehana, Yusuke ; Naruse, Kiyoshi & Sakaizumi, Mitsuru ( 2005 ): Molecular phylogeny of the medaka fishes genus Oryzias ( Beloniformes: Adrianichthyidae ) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Molecular phylogeny of the cardueline finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers.

Molecular phylogeny of rosefinches and rose bunting ( Passeriformes, Fringillidae, Urocynchramidae ).

( 2004 ): Molecular phylogeny of the family Pectinidae ( Mollusca: Bivalvia )

* ( 2007 ): Molecular phylogeny of Chaetodon ( Teleostei: Chaetodontidae ) in the Indo-West Pacific: evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups.

* ( 2006 ): Molecular phylogeny of the extinct giant deer, Megaloceros giganteus.

Molecular phylogeny and floral evolution of Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, and Alzateaceae ( Myrtales ).

Molecular phylogeny and floral evolution of Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, and Alzateaceae ( Myrtales ).

“ Molecular phylogeny of the Carnivora ( Mammalia ): ASS-ASS the impact of increased sampling to on resolving enigmatic relationships .“ Systematic Biology.

Molecular phylogeny of the chipmunks inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences.

Molecular data suggests that the scaphopods are a sister group to the cephalopods, although higher-level molluscan phylogeny remains somewhat unresolved.

* Tietze, Dieter Thomas ; Martens, Jochen & Sun, Yue-Hua ( 2006 ): Molecular phylogeny of treecreepers ( Certhia ) detects hidden diversity.

Molecular scale electronics, also called single molecule electronics, is a branch of nanotechnology that uses single molecules, or nanoscale collections of single molecules, as electronic components.

Molecular biology research uses numerous proteins and enzymes many of which are from expression systems ; particularly DNA polymerase for PCR, reverse transcriptase for RNA analysis and restriction endonucleases for cloning.

Molecular mechanics uses Newtonian mechanics to model molecular systems.

Molecular orbital ( MO ) theory uses a linear combination of atomic orbitals ( LCAO ) to represent molecular orbitals involving the whole molecule.

TRIUMF uses subatomic particles as probes of materials structure at the Centre for Molecular and Materials Science ( CMMS ).

Molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >) directly oxidizes many compounds to produce useful products in an organism, such as antibiotics, etc., in reactions catalyzed by oxygenases.

Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend.

Further, the universities also offer multiple dual and joint degree programs such as the Medical Scientist Training Program, the Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Graduate Program, and the Law and Business Administration program.

Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following morphological data, such as the structure of the leaves and stems, do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification.

Molecular markers ( small lengths of DNA of a characterized / known sequence ) are used to ' tag ' and thus track such translocations.

Molecular biologists use several shorthand terms when referring to nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA and RNA, collectively referred to as nucleic acid nomenclature.

Molecular studies such as DNA-DNA hybridization ( Sibley & Ahlquist, 1990 ) and sequence analyses fail to resolve the relationships of grebes properly due to insufficient resolution in the former and long-branch attraction in the latter.

Molecular hydrides often involve additional ligands such as, diisobutylaluminium hydride ( DIBAL ) consists of two aluminum centers bridged by hydride ligands.

GenBank coordinates with individual laboratories and other sequence databases such as those of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory ( EMBL ) and the DNA Data Bank of Japan ( DDBJ ).

In addition, several faculty members are affiliated with other programs such as the Neuroscience Graduate Program and the Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

* In the book Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card, the Molecular Disruption Device can destroy an object, and any object near it, such as a fleet of space ships.

Molecular studies by several groups of authors, as of 2008, have confirmed that the baccate ( fleshy ) fruits evolved twice from capsular fruits, and as such the two subfamily classification does not accurately portray the phylogenetic (= evolutionary ) history of the family.

Molecular methods such as PCR are available in reference laboratories.

Some journals cover sub-specialties within evolutionary biology, such as the journals Systematic Biology, Molecular Biology and Evolution and its sister journal Genome Biology and Evolution, and Cladistics.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses have proven these three are all distinctive and separate species ; other taxa formerly believed to be unique species or subspecies, such as B. betulicola, B. chippewaensis, B. persoonii, B. quercicola and B. venturii, are now known to be part of a B. edulis species complex with a wide morphological, ecological and geographic range, and that the genetic variability in this complex is low.

Molecular markers, such as allozymes ( e. g., del Río, 1999 ) and inter-simple sequence repeats ( e. g., Pissard et al., 2006 ), show oca diversity to be low relative to other crops, probably because of its vegetative mode of propagation.

Molecular geometry can range from the very simple, such as diatomic oxygen or nitrogen molecules, to the very complex, such as protein or DNA molecules.

* Molecular biology techniques such as DNA microarrays, in situ hybridization, combined to PCR, Computational genomics, and Transfection ; Cell fractionation or Immunoprecipitation

Lucid's experience includes a variety of academic assignments, such as teaching assistant at the University of Oklahoma's Department of Chemistry from 1963 to 1964 ; senior laboratory technician at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation from 1964 to 1966 ; chemist at Kerr-McGee, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1966 to 1968 ; graduate assistant at the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center's Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from 1969 to 1973 and research associate with the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, from 1974 until her selection to the astronaut candidate training program.

Molecular and behavioral data suggest that it has no close relatives among living ducks and should be placed in a distinct genus ; it is possibly closest to such species as the Garganey and the Northern Shoveler.

Many faculty in the department conduct research on plant-microbe interactions. The faculty and graduate students also cooperate with faculty from other UC Berkeley departments, such as the Molecular and Cell Biology Department, on researches pertaining to plant genetics and microbial biology.

Molecular scenes can be exported to external rendering tools such as POV-Ray, Renderman, Tachyon, VRML, and many others.

Molecular evidence such as a result of studies of the evolution of small-subunit ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) supports the monophyly of the phyla listed in the infobox shown at right.