On 19 August 1978 — the anniversary of the US backed pro-Shah coup d ' état which overthrew the nationalists and popular Iranian prime minister, Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh — the Cinema Rex, a movie theatre in Abadan, Iran, was set ablaze by four Islamic Revolution sympathizers in an attempt to help the cause of Iran's Islamic Revolution.

In 1954, the Eisenhower Administration was flushed with victory, from the 1953 Iranian coup d ' état that deposed the Government of PM Mossadegh.

Mohammad Mosaddegh or Mosaddeq (, *), also Mossadegh, Mossadeq, Mosadeck, or Musaddiq ( 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967 ), was the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 when he was overthrown in a coup d ' état orchestrated by the British MI6 and the United States CIA.

Mossadegh voted against such a move, arguing that such an act was a subversion of the 1906 Iranian constitution.

British prime minister Winston Churchill suggested to the incoming Eisenhower administration that Mossadegh, despite his open disgust with socialism, was, or would become, dependent on the pro-Soviet Tudeh Party, resulting in Iran " increasingly turning towards communism " and towards the Soviet sphere at a time of high Cold War fears.

According to Dr. Donald N. Wilber, who was involved in the plot to remove Mossadegh from power, in early August, Iranian CIA operatives pretending to be socialists and nationalists threatened Muslim leaders with " savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh ," thereby giving the impression that Mossadegh was cracking down on dissent, and stirring anti-Mossadegh sentiments within the religious community.

The American edition of Shah of Shahs, issued in the United States in 1985 by the San Diego publishers, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, in the translation of William R. Brand ( b. 1953 ) and Katarzyna Mroczkowska-Brand, was censoredby having references to CIA involvement in the 1953 overthrow of Iran's prime minister Mossadegh ( or about 15 pages ) excised.

Mossadegh was opposed by the Shah who feared a resulting oil embargo imposed by the West would leave Iran in economic ruin.

Mossadegh was then arrested by pro-Shah army forces.

* Kermit " Kim " Roosevelt ( 1916 – 2000 ) Kermit Roosevelt, Jr. was the mastermind of the Central Intelligence Agency's ( CIA ) Operation Ajax, which orchestrated the coup against Iran's democratically-elected Mohammed Mossadegh administration, and returned Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, to Iran's Peacock Throne in August 1953 for the purpose of returning Western control of Middle Eastern oil supplies.

* Mark Gasiorowski, " Just like that: How the Mossadegh Government was overthrown ", in particular bullet point 2 on the role of Soraya Bakhtiari ; compare with her account in Le Palais des Solitudes cited above.

Efforts by the U. S. through the International Court of Justice were made to settle the dispute, but a 50 / 50 profit-sharing arrangement, with recognition of nationalization, was rejected by both the British government and Prime Minister Mossadegh.

Britain was unable to subvert Mossadegh as its embassy and officials had been evicted from Iran in October 1952, but successfully appealed in the U. S. to anti-communist sentiments, depicting both Mossadegh and Iran as unstable and likely to fall to communism in their weakened state.

When the government of prime minister Mohammad Mossadegh was toppled, he was imprisoned along with other political activists.

The report chronicled gruesome details of the events in 1953: how, by spending a meager sum of $ 1 million, the CIA " stirred up considerable unrest in Iran, giving Iranians a clear choice between instability and supporting the shah "; how it brought " the largest mobs " into the street ; how it " began disseminating ' gray propaganda ' passing out anti-Mossadegh cartoons in the streets and planting unflattering articles in local press "; how the CIA's " Iranian operatives pretending to be Communists threatened Muslim leaders with ' savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh '"; how the " house of at least one prominent Muslim was bombed by CIA agents posing as Communists "; how the CIA tried to " orchestrate a call for a holy war against Communism "; how on August 19 " a journalist who was one of the agency's most important Iranian agents led a crowd toward Parliament, inciting people to set fire to the offices of a newspaper owned by Dr. Mossadegh's foreign minister "; how American agents swung " security forces to the side of the demonstrators "; how the shah's disbanded " Imperial Guard seized trucks and drove through the street "; how by " 10: 15 there were pro-shah truckloads of military personnel at all main squares "; how the " pro-shah speakers went on the air, broadcasting the coups ' success and reading royal decrees "; how at the US embassy, " CIA officers were elated, and Mr. Roosevelt got General Zahedi out of hiding " and found him a tank that " drove him to the radio station, where he spoke to the nation "; and, finally, how " Dr. Mossadegh and other government officials were rounded up, while officers supporting General Zahedi placed ' unknown supports of TP-Ajax ' in command of all units of Tehran garrison.

Around this time, the Third National Front was formed, which consisted of the FMI ( religious-nationalists ; Melli-Mazhabis ), the Iran Nation Party ( the party of Dariush Forouhar ; Hezb-e Mellat-e Iran ), the Society of Iranian Socialists ( led by Khalil Maleki, a prominent personality of the Mossadegh era who had been prohibited from joining the Second National Front due to his past history in the Tudeh Party ) and the student activists.

Born in Tehran, he is the son of General Fazlollah Zahedi, who served as Prime Minister after the fall of Mohammed Mossadegh.

* March 4 – Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh, deposed prime minister of Iran ( b. 1882 )

By mid-1952, an attempt by the Shah to replace Mossadegh backfired and led to riots nationwide ; Mossadegh returned with even greater power.

The first real economic hit man was back in the early 1950s, Kermit Roosevelt, Jr., the grandson of Teddy, who overthrew the government of Iran, a democratically elected government, Mossadegh ’ s government who was Time ‘ s magazine person of the year ; and he was so successful at doing this without any bloodshed — well, there was a little bloodshed, but no military intervention, just spending millions of dollars and replaced Mossadegh with the Shah of Iran.

One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive posture against communism, Dulles directed the CIA at this point now under the directorship of his brother Allen Dulles, in March 1953, to draft plans to overthrow the Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran.

Mossadegh under house arrest in Ahmadabad

Bazargan served as the first Iranian head of the National Iranian Oil Company under the administration of Prime Minister Mossadegh.

The National Front was revived in late 1977 by Dr. Karim Sanjabi ( former minister of education under Mossadegh and now the leader of the Front ), Dr. Shapour Bakhtiar ( former deputy minister of labor under Mossadegh and now the leader of the Iran Party ) and Dariush Forouhar ( head of the Iran Nation Party ).

The Iranian politician Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh spent his older days there in exile and is buried under his dining room.

The emergence of a Westernized liberal tradition in Iran is a relatively new phenomenon, formed against a backdrop of political transformation which included: the demise of the Qajar dynasty, the constitutional struggles of the 1920s, consolidation of the autocratic regime of Reza Shah, the postwar confrontation between Reza Shah ’ s son and the nationalist prime minister, Mohammed Mossadegh, and the shah ’ s launching of the White Revolution in 1963.

Along with the likes of Abdolhossein Teymourtash and Farman Farmaian, Dāvar took a lead role among the politicians who voted for the abolition of the Qajar dynasty, opposing such parliamentarians as Sayyed Hasan Taqizadeh, Sayyed Hasan Modarres, Yahya Doulatabadi and Mohammad Mossadegh.

* August 19 – Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran, and retain Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on the throne ( see Operation Ajax ).

In 1953, the British and U. S. spy agencies deposed the democratically-elected government of Mossadegh in a military coup d ' état codenamed Operation Ajax, and restored the Shah as an absolute monarch.

The Shah fled Iran but returned when the United Kingdom and United States staged a coup against Mossadegh in August 1953 ( see Operation Ajax ).

In 1953, foreign powers ( American and British ) again came to the Shah's aid — after the Shah fled the country, the British MI6 aided an American CIA operative in organizing a military coup d ' état to oust the nationalist and democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.

On August 15, after the first attempted coup d ' état failed, the Shah fled first to Baghdad and then to Rome, Italy, after signing two decrees, one dismissing Mossadegh and the other naming Zahedi to replace him as Prime Minister.

Prime minister Mohammad Mossadegh shaking hands with Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi

* 1953: Backed by American and British intelligence agencies, General Zahedi leads a coup against Mohammed Mossadegh, returning the Shah to power.

Unlike the latter group, Mellat Iran was against the Shah and strongly supported the nationalist Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.

The military coup established Mohammad Reza Shah as the supreme ruler of Iran, although nominal power was held by Prime Minister Fazlollah Zahedi ( who was paid by the CIA to help overthrow Mossadegh and strengthen the power of the monarchy.

After the British-American sponsored coup d ' etat against Mossadegh, the Shah assumed dictatorial powers and outlawed almost all political groups, including Mellat Iran and the National Front.

A personal friend of the Shah, he had gained notoriety for removing democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh from power ( see Operation Ajax ).

* May 19 – Mohammed Mossadegh, Iranian prime minister ( d. 1967 )

Heidenstam was born in 1859, of a prosperous family.

Sherlock Holmes, the ancestor of all private eyes, was born during the 1890s.

Henrietta was discovering in the process of writing, as the born writer does, not merely a channel for the discharge of accumulated information but a stimulus to the development of the creative powers of observation, insight and intuition.

She was born Lilian Steichen, her parents immigrants from Luxemburg.

`` My mother read a book right after I was born and there was a Lilian in the book she loved and I became Lilian -- and eventually I became Paula ''.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

He was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1909.

About the only time the Hetman seemed excited was when one of his own pet ideas was born.

On April 10, 1904, his first child was born, a son named George after the late Senator.

Modern warfare was born in this campaign -- periscopes, camouflage, booby traps, land mines, extended order, trench raids, foxholes, armored cars, night attacks, flares, sharpshooters in trees, interlaced vines and treetops, which were the forerunners of barbed wire, trip wires to thwart a cavalry charge, which presaged the mine trap, and the general use of anesthetics.

Deppy is Despina Messinesi, a long-time member of the Vogue staff who, although born in Boston, was born there of Greek parents.

Samuel Gorton was born at Gorton, England, near the present city of Manchester, about 1592.

Whether the Fathers, who died before Christ was born of the Virgin Mary, were justified and saved only by the blood which he shed, and the death which he suffered after his incarnation??

Whether the only price of our redemption were not the death of Christ on the cross, with the rest of his sufferings and obediences, in the time of his life here, after he was born of the Virgin Mary??

In the judgment of Chief of Staff Scott it was ironic that the draft policy of a Democratic President, aimed at Germany, had to be pushed through the House of Representatives by the ranking minority member of the Military Affairs Committee -- a Republican Jew born in Germany!!

Thus, the Church was born and because of its intrinsic character was soon identified as a conservative institution, determined to resist the forces of change, to identify itself with the political rulers, and to maintain a kind of splendid isolation from the masses.

And she replied, `` I was born in America, but I was conceived in Vienna ''.

I was born angry.

He kept his attacks on Republicanism for partisan campaigns, but that is part of the game he was born to play.