Calling the NBPP extremist, critics have cited Muhammad's " Million Youth March " in Harlem, a youth equivalent of the Million Man March, in which the protest against police brutality included speakers calling for the extermination of whites in South Africa.

Sharia, in its strictest definition, is a divine law, as expressed in the Qur ' an and Muhammad's example ( often called the sunnah ).

Early Sunni scholars often considered sunnah equivalent to the biography of Mohammed ( sira ) as the hadith was then poorly validated while contemporary accounts of Muhammad's life were better known.

When the Knights Templar were being tried for heresy, reference was often made to their worship of a demon Baphomet, which was notable, by implication, for its similarity to Muhammad's name when transliterated in to Latin, " Mahomet ", that was used by contemporary Christian authors, given that Latin would be for another 500 years the language of scholarship and erudition for most of Europe.

Although most Shiites do not hold the view that Muhammad's son-in-law Imam Ali was God incarnate, a variety of heterodox Shiite sects collectively called Ghulat ( for " exagerated ")-such as the Alevi, Alawi, Ahl-e Haqq, and more arguably the Bektashi-believe that Imam Ali was God.

" Muhammad's decision to marry Zaynab was an attempt to break the hold of pre-Islamic ideas over men's conduct in society.

" extremists ", the adjectival form of ghulū ), is a term used in the theology of Shia Islam to describe some minority Muslim groups who either ascribe divine characteristics to figure of Islamic history -- mostly, but not always a member of Muhammad's family ( ahl al-bayt ) -- or hold beliefs deemed deviant by mainstream Shi ' i theology.

As for the foremost one in the matter of Islam and faith, it was Ali ibn Abi Talib '" Other Sunnis and all Shi ' a Muslims maintain that the second person to publicly accept Muhammed as the messenger of God was Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first being Muhammad's wife Khadija.

Sunni Muslims believe and confirm that Muhammad's father-in-law Abu Bakr was chosen by the community and that this was the proper procedure.

An early Muslim tradition is that the Negus Ashama ibn Abjar offered asylum to a group of Muslims fleeing persecution during Muhammad's life ( 615 ), but Stuart Munro-Hay believes that Axum had been abandoned as the capital by then – although Kobishchanov states that Ethiopian raiders plagued the Red Sea, preying on Arabian ports at least as late as 702.

Muslim historians say that Caliph Uthman ibn Affan ( the third khalifa ( caliph ) of the Rashidun Empire, or third successor of Muhammad, who had formerly been Muhammad's secretary ), is generally believed to urge Muslims to record the hadith just as Muhammad suggested to some of his followers to write down his words and actions.

Ibn Taymiyya argued against the shirking of Sharia law, and against practices such as the celebration of Muhammad's birthday or the construction of mosques around the tombs of Sufi sheikhs, believing that these were unacceptable borrowings from Christianity: Many Muslims ' do not even know of the Christian origins of these practices.

Increasing prosperity resulting from Muslim conquests in the centuries following Muhammad's death, was accompanied by what some Muslims bemoaned as a general " corruption " of morals in the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina.

Huston Smith ( 1991 ) describes an account in the Qur ' an of meetings in heaven between Moses and Muhammad, which Huston states were " one of the crucial events in Muhammad's life ," and resulted in Muslims observing 5 daily prayers.

Shia Muslims believe this to be Muhammad's appointment of Ali as his successor, while Sunni Muslims believe it a simple defense of Ali in the face of unjust criticism.

Al-Maqrizi added to the rumor by claiming Muhammad's tomb was going to be relocated to Crusader territory so Muslims would make pilgrimages there.

The caliph Abū Bakr, believed by Sunni Muslims to be Muhammad's successor, was the first to institute a statutory zakat system.

Muhammad's birthday is considered by Sunni Muslims to be the 12th day of the month of Rabi '- ul-Awwal, the third month of the Muslim calendar, corresponding to April 22, 571.

He alleges that the Muslims had to establish the story of Muhammad's life on the same literary patterns as were used in the vitae of the other prophets ".

This somewhat parallels the Muslims and mushrikūn prostrating themselves together after Muhammad's first, allegedly satanically infected, recitation of Sūra al-Najm, in which the efficacy of the three pagan goddesses is acknowledged ( Rubin, pp. 157 – 158 ).

Sunni Muslims say that this denial of Muhammad's death was occasioned by his deep love for him.

Muslims further mention Abraham in their canonical prayer everyday, in which they ask God to bless Muhammad's family as He blessed Abraham's family.

Poliakov opines that Muhammad's actions and teachings gave rise to an open and more conciliatory society, where the Muslims were compelled to protect the lives and religion of the Jews.

In particular, the term is used by mainstream Muslims to describe the beliefs of minority Muslim groups who ascribe divine characteristics to a member of Prophet Muhammad's family ( especially Ali ) or the early companions of the Prophet such as Salman the Persian.

While the commonly held view among historians, most Westerners and some lay Muslims is that Islam originated in Arabia with Muhammad's first recitations of the Qur ' an in the 7th century CE, In Islam ` s view, the Qur ' an itself asserts that it was Adam who is the first Muslim ( in the sense of believing in God and surrendering to God and God's commands ).

Firstly, because of his involvement in the Battle of Siffin against Ali, whom the Shia Muslims believe was Muhammad's true successor ( see Succession to Muhammad ); secondly, for the breaking of the treaty he made with Hasan ibn Ali, after the death of Hassan ibn Ali, one of broken terms being appointing his son Yazid as his successor ; thirdly, on account of his responsibility for the killing of Hasan ibn Ali by alluring his wife Ja ' dah binte Ash ' as to poison him ; and fourthly by distorting Islam to match his unislamic rule.

He was critical but also respected the Muslim world and taught of a time when his followers would eventually reconnect with Muslims of all races and colors world wide, according to Elijah Muhammad's book Message to the Black Man.

Addressing Muslims celebrating Muhammad's birthday on 25 April 2005, he said that the concept of racism was " alien and abhorrent " to him.

* Non-Muslims who interacted with Muslims during Muhammad's era

Removing Muhammad's name was not well received by other Muslims.

Islam also stressed that the supreme law of the land should be Islam and that Islam regulates all life affairs and therefore regulates how non Muslim and Muslims live under an Islamic state, with historical examples coming from Muslim Spain, Mughal India, and even starting as far back as Muhammad's time, where people of the Abrahamic Faiths lived in harmony.

After Muhammad's death in 632, he participated in the wars of conquest, and went to Damascus and later settled in Basra.

In the same year Muhammad Khan, the hakim of Erivan, also wrote the Sultan alerting him to Agha Muhammad's " aggression " and seeking Ottoman protection.

Although the proposal seemed to have been approved, the plans of the British were thwarted by the uprising of Dost Muhammad's son Muhammad Akbar Khan, who defeated and annihilated the British-Indian garrison at Gandamak on its retreat from Kabul in January 1842.

He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 – 634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death.

As Caliph, Abu Bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad, since the religious function and authority of prophethood ended with Muhammad's death according to Islam.

Abu Bakr's acceptance proved to be a milestone in Muhammad's mission.

According to some sources, the emir himself was behind Muhammad's fall, as well as Al-Mutarrif's death in 895.

The four reportedly pledged themselves to Jihad in the Spring of 2000, in a ceremony presided over by Wail – who had dubbed himself Abu Mossaeb al-Janubi after one of Muhammad's companions.

Moreover, their very existence presents a challenge to the Islamic doctrine of the finality of Muhammad's revelation.

Those opposing this method thought that Ali, Muhammad's nearest relative, should have succeeded him.

He received his education in Medina, which was the most important seat of Islamic learning, and where the immediate descendants of Muhammad's followers lived.

Possibly as a condition of the alliance or as reward for Muhammad's successful expedition to Africa, Gibraltar was handed over to the Nasrids of Granada.

The history of the Qur ' an began when its verses were revealed to the Sahabah during Muhammad's life.

Husain ibn Ali, by then Muhammad's only living grandson, refused to swear allegiance to Yazid.

Traditions of the life of Muhammad and the early history of Islam were passed down mostly orally for more than a hundred years after Muhammad's death in AD 632.

It may also refer to the Muslim scholars who created the analytical sciences related to Hadith or it may refer to the heads of the Prophet Muhammad's family in their generational times.

Given that the Qur ' an is vague regarding the punishment of homosexual sodomy, Islamic jurists turned to the collections of the hadith and seerah ( accounts of Muhammad's life ) to support their argument for Hudud punishment ; these are perfectly clear but particularly harsh.

The document grew out of debates that had surfaced ever since Muhammad's death.

According to historical narrations about Muhammad's life, after ten years of receiving revelations, Muhammad went to the city of Ta ’ if to see if its leaders would allow him to preach his message from there rather than Mecca, but he was cast from the city by the people.

In the 7th century North Africa and the Middle East, once part of the Eastern Roman Empire, became an Islamic Empire after conquest by Muhammad's successors.

The Alaouite family claim descent from Muhammad through the line of Fāṭimah az-Zahrah, Muhammad's daughter, and her husband, the Fourth Caliph ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib.