Around 1035, the Lamtuna chieftain Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Tifat ( alias Tarsina ), tried to reunite the Sanhaja desert tribes, but his reign lasted less than three years.

Abu Bakr ( Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa ) (, c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE ) also known as Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq ( Arabic: أبو بكر الصديق ) was a senior companion ( Sahabi ) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

The lineage of Abu Bakr joined that of Muhammad in the eighth degree in their common ancestor Murrah ibn Ka ' b.

The lineage of Muhammad was: Muhammad ; the son of Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib ; the son of Abdul Muttalib ; the son of Hashim ibn ' Abd Manaf ; the son of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ; the son of Qusai ibn Kilab ; the son of Kilab ibn Murrah ; the son of Murrah.

The complexity of this law served as an impetus behind the development of algebra ( Arabic: al-jabr ) by the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī and other medieval Islamic mathematicians.

Muwaffaq al-Din Muhammad ' Abd al-Latif ibn Yusuf al-Baghdadi (; 1162 – 1231 ), more commonly known as ' Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi or ' Abdallatif al-Baghdadi (), born in Baghdad, Iraq, was a celebrated physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the Near East in his time.

Abd-ar-Rahman III ( Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh ; ; 11 January 889 / 91 – 15 October 961 ) was the Emir and Caliph of Córdoba ( 912 – 961 ) of the Ummayad dynasty in al-Andalus.

Al-Mutarrif had accused Muhammad of plotting with the rebel Umar ibn Hafsun, and Muhammad had been imprisoned.

He initially sent a special corps ( hasam ) under Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hudayr, governor of Écija, to Seville, to obtain their submission.

This attempt failed, but gained him the support of Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Hayyay, lord of Carmona, and a cousin of the Sevillan lord, Ahmad ibn Maslama.

Muhammad ibn Ibrahim enjoyed his office for only a single day, for Abd ar-Rahman soon discovered his collusion with the rebel governor of Carmona.

Arabic sources, such as Rhazes ( Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi 865 – 925 AD ), continue to be the source of discovery of new or relatively inaccessible Galenic writings.

* c. 900 CE Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ( Rhazes ) invents kerosene lamp

According to Kasem Ajram, petroleum was distilled by the Persian alchemist Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ( Rhazes ) in the 9th century, producing chemicals such as kerosene in the alembic ( al-ambiq ), and which was mainly used for kerosene lamps.

Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ( Rhazes ) ( 865-915 ), for instance, acted to promote the medical uses of chemical compounds.

The Persian physician Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi was the first to write about concussion as distinct from other types of head injury in the 10th century AD.

* Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ( Rhazes ): refutation of Aristotelian classical elements and Galenic humorism ; and discovery of measles and smallpox, and kerosene and distilled petroleum

* Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ( Rhazes ) introduces controlled experiment into the field of medicine and carried out the first medical experiment in order to find the most hygienic place to build a hospital

* 1967 – After refusing induction into the United States Army the day before ( citing religious reasons ), Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.

The Imam Hasan Ali Shah was born in 1804 in Kahak, Iran to Shah Khalil Allah, the 45th Ismaili Imam, and Bibi Sarkara, the daughter of Muhammad Sadiq Mahallati ( d. 1815 ), a poet and a Ni ‘ mat Allahi Sufi.

His parents were Abdallah's son Muhammad and Muzna ( or Muzayna ), a Christian concubine.

The Iranian mathematician Muhammad Baqir Yazdi ( 16th century ) discovered the pair ( 9363584, 9437056 ), though this has often been attributed to Descartes.

Pangeran Muhammad Noor ( 1945 ), governor

The Constitution of Medina (, Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīna ), also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted by the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

It constituted a formal agreement between Muhammad and all of the significant tribes and families of Yathrib ( later known as Medina ), including Muslims, Jews, and pagans.

Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi ( Rhazes ), the Persian chemist and most famous alchemist, the inventor of alcohol, isolated many chemical substance s, produced many medication s, and described many laboratory apparatus.

Muslims declare the shahada, or testimony: " I bear witness that there is no god but ( the One ) God ( Allah ), and I bear witness that Muhammad is God's messenger.

Having consolidated his conquests in Syria ( 1831 – 38 ), Ibrahim Pasha, son of the viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, made the fatal mistake of trying to disarm the Christians and Druzes of the Lebanon and to draft the latter into his army.

Contentious issues include Egypt's signing of the Camp David Accords with Israel in 1979, its support for Iraq in Iran's eight-year conflict, the Islamic Republic's hailing of Khalid Islambouli, the late President Anwar Sadat's assassin as a religious hero, seeing as there was both a street and mural named after him ( however, the honorer was changed to Muhammad al-Durrah, the 12-year-old Palestinian boy shot and killed during the outset of the Second Intifada ), and close Egyptian relations with the United States, and most of the Western European countries.

Muslim s traditionally break their fasts in the month of Ramadan with Date palm # Fruit | dates ( like those offered by this date seller in Kuwait City ), as was the recorded practice ( Sunnah ) of Muhammad.

Progress in theory and methodology happened with the coming of the early Muslim jurist Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi ` i ( 767 – 820 ), who codified the basic principles of Islamic jurisprudence in his book ar-Risālah.

Advocates of the movement seek to highlight the deeply rooted teachings of equality in the Quran and encourage a questioning of the patriarchal interpretation of Islamic teaching through the Quran ( holy book ), hadith ( sayings of Muhammad ) and sharia ( law ) towards the creation of a more equal and just society.

* 1369-As the Civil War in Castile came to an end, with the murder of king Peter I by the pretender Henry ( to be known as Henry II ), the Nasrid king of Granada, Muhammad V, former ally of Peter, took over Algeciras.

antichrist ), according to Islamic tradition contained within the sahih ( correct ) hadith ( records of traditions ), which Muslims believe to be authentic and reliable narratives of the sayings and practices of Muhammad.

Muslims regard the Hadith Qudsi as the words of God ( Arabic: Allah ), repeated by Muhammad and recorded on the condition of an isnad.

Muslim historians say that Caliph Uthman ibn Affan ( the third khalifa ( caliph ) of the Rashidun Empire, or third successor of Muhammad, who had formerly been Muhammad's secretary ), is generally believed to urge Muslims to record the hadith just as Muhammad suggested to some of his followers to write down his words and actions.

They are: Kitab al-Kafi by Muhammad ibn Ya ' qub al-Kulayni al-Razi ( 329 AH ), Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih by Muhammad ibn Babuya and Al-Tahdhib and Al-Istibsar both by Shaykh Muhammad Tusi.

King Muhammad 5, was known to be most sympathetic to the formation of local self-government and made the first firm promise of elections on May Day, 1957.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Hasan Ali Shah, also known as Muhammad Hasan, who became the 46th Imam.

The first year was the year during which the emigration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred.

The death of Uthman was followed by a civil war known as the First Fitna, and the succession to Ali ibn Abi Talib was disputed, leading to the split between the Sunni and Shia sects, and later to competing caliphates when the descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and Ali set up separate Fatimid societies.

Hezbollah has a military branch known as Al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (" The Islamic Resistance ") and is the possible sponsor of a number of lesser-known militant groups, some of which may be little more than fronts for Hezbollah itself, including the Organization of the Oppressed, the Revolutionary Justice Organization, the Organization of Right Against Wrong, and Followers of the Prophet Muhammad.

It is usually used to describe the descent of the Spirit of God upon the messengers / prophets of God, which are known as Manifestations of God, and include among others Jesus, Muhammad and Bahá ' u ' lláh.

The first year was the Islamic year beginning in AD 622 during which the emigration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred.

Isaiah is well known in Muslim exegesis and literature, notably for his predictions of the coming of Jesus and Muhammad.

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (), and more popularly in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi ( 30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273 ), was a 13th-century after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad ( died 1312 ), favorably known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand master of the order.

It is locally known as the " City of Lights " () and " The bride of the cities " () for its liveliness, and the " City of the Quaid " (), having been the birth and burial place of Quaid-e-Azam, the Great Leader, ( Muhammad Ali Jinnah ), the founder of Pakistan, who made the city his home after Pakistan's independence from the British Raj on 14 August 1947.

It was later known to the Arabs as Debal from where Muhammad bin Qasim led his conquering force into South Asia in 712 AD

As the birthplace of Muhammad and a site of the composition of the Quran, Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims.

It is notable for being the location where Muhammad received his first revelations from God through the angel Jibreel, also known as Gabriel to Christians.

The Nation of Islam was founded in Detroit, Michigan in July, 1930 by Wallace Fard Muhammad, also known as W. D. Fard Muhammad ( 1877 – 1934 ).

He was followed by Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, known as the Khalifa, who began an expansion of Sudan's area into Ethiopia.

In the context of biographical records of Muhammad sunnah often stands as synonymous with hadith since most of the personality traits of Muhammad are known from descriptions of him, his sayings and his actions after becoming a prophet at the age of forty.