) The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers " in the hope of channeling Muslim energies into zones of piety and charity.

*" Muslim preachers given call-to-prayer singing lessons ", 11 May 2010

It also sponsors Muslim preachers in Ethiopia, Chad, Niger, Malawi, Mali, Comoro Islands, Djibouti and Indonesia.

They were fired up by Sufri Kharijite preachers, a Muslim sect that embraced a doctrine representing total egalitarianism in opposition to the aristocracy of the Quraysh which had grown more pronounced under the Umayyad Caliphate.

[...] In Tehran, the two became major preachers of the revolutionary and constitutional cause, explaining it in familiar Muslim terms emphasizing such Islamic concepts, particularly central in Shi ' ism, as Justice and Oppression.

The Ottoman takeover in the 16th century, missionaries such as Sufi preachers and the pressure from the Adyghe tribes ( most of whom had converted to Islam ) from the North precipitated the decline of Christianity and the region became largely Muslim until the 1860s when muhajirism left Christians in majority.

Islam entered Noakhali by conversion-first by Arab traders and then by Muslim preachers coming with the Afghan and Moghul Rulers of Bengal.

He was educated under the supervision of Muslim preachers and became an avid follower of a sufi order.

Most of the references to Bawean in regional ( mostly Javanese ) sources of the 16 – 17th centuries are associated with visits to the island of Muslim preachers.

" Ever since the time of my ancestor Ali, the first Imam, that is to say over a period of thirteen hundred years, it has always been the tradition of our family that each Imam chooses his successor at his absolute and unfettered discretion from amongst any of his descendants, whether they be sons or remote male issue and in these circumstances and in view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes which have taken place including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interest of the Shia Muslim Ismailia Community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age and who brings a new outlook on life to his office as Imam.

Together with his father and brothers, Alexios had conspired against Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos ( c. 1183 ), and thus he spent several years in exile in Muslim courts, including that of Saladin.

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu ' awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 731 – 788 ) ( Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل ) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba ( 755 ), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries ( including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba ).

In collaboration with the Stop the War Coalition and the Muslim Association of Britain, CND has organised anti-war marches under the slogan " Don't Attack Iraq ", including protests on September 28, 2002 and February 15, 2003.

In 1939 Muslim leaders Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Ma Fuliang were sent by Chiang to several Middle eastern countries, including Egypt, Turkey, and Syria, to gain support for the Chinese War against Japan, and to express his support for Muslims.

The Islamic civilization rose to primacy in medical science as Muslim physicians contributed significantly to the field of medicine, including anatomy, ophthalmology, pharmacology, pharmacy, physiology, surgery, and the pharmaceutical sciences.

Other medical innovations first introduced by Muslim physicians include the discovery of the immune system, the use of animal testing, and the combination of medicine with other sciences ( including agriculture, botany, chemistry, and pharmacology ), the first drugstores in Baghdad ( 754 ), the distinction between medicine and pharmacy by the 12th century, and the discovery of at least 2, 000 medicinal and chemical substances.

Muslim alienation from Western ways, including its political ways.

A number of religious groups, including the Amish and some Muslim groups, depend on support provided by their communities when disasters strike.

Although by 1000 Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe west of and including Italy was complete, excluding only Muslim Iberia, there was no process equivalent to Han sinification, and " Germany " remained largely a conceptual term referring to an amorphous area of central Europe.

Mercenaries could be fellow European crusaders, or, perhaps more often, Muslim soldiers, including the famous Turcopoles.

For the next five centuries, Muslim monarchs ruled Kashmir, including the Mughals, who ruled from 1526 until 1751, then the Afghan Durrani Empire that ruled from 1747 until 1820.

Ibn al-Nadim's bibliography Fihrist demonstrates the devotion of medieval Muslim scholars to books and reliable sources ; it contains a description of thousands of books circulating in the Islamic world circa 1000, including an entire section for books about the doctrines of other religions.

Though the Gaonic tradition, especially in its North African version, formed the basis of his legal thought, some scholars have argued recently that Muslim law, including Almohad legal thought, also had a substantial impact.

His successor Askia Muhammad Ture ( 1493 – 1528 ) made Islam the official religion, built mosques, and brought Muslim scholars, including al-Maghili ( d. 1504 ), the founder of an important tradition of Sudanic African Muslim scholarship, to Gao.

Although the vast majority of the members are Muslim, about 5 percent of the seats are reserved for minorities, including Christians, Hindus, and Sikhs.

Some groups also sprang up including the National Union for Liberation led by John Osmena and Diosdado Macapagal, the Mindanao Alliance, the Muslim Federal Party, the Pusyon Bisaya, and the Young Philippines.

The papal bull of excommunication issued to the Genoese merchants of Caffa related to the buying and selling of Christians, but has been considered ineffectual as prior injunctions against the Viennese, including the Laws of Gazaria, made allowances for the sale of both Christian and Muslim slaves.

Many of the Muslim elite, including Granada's former Emir Muhammad XII, who had been given the area of the Alpujarras mountains as a principality, found life under Christian rule intolerable and emigrated to Tlemcen in North Africa.

Richard I of England ( Richard the Lionheart ) led Guy's siege of Acre, conquered the city and executed 3, 000 Muslim prisoners, including women and children.

Syria's population is 71 % Sunni Muslim ( includes most Arabs and Kurds, and 16 % other Muslim groups ( including 11. 0 % Alawi, Shi ' a Muslims ( 1. 1 % Imami / Twelvers and 1. 0 % Ismailis / Seveners ), 3. 2 % Druze, 1. 3 % Nusairism, 0. 7 Alevism ( all Turkomans ), Yezidism 0. 2 %) and 10 % Christian, with a Syrian Jewish community of a few dozen.

The Talwar is a type of curved sword that was introduced to India in the 13th century by invading Muslim conquerors and was adopted by communities who favoured the sword as their main weapon, including the Rajputs, Marathas and Sikhs.

Historically, Samaritans were a large community — up to more than a million in late Roman times, but were then gradually reduced to several tens of thousands a few centuries ago — their unprecedented demographic shrinkage has been a result of various historical events, including, most notably, the bloody suppression of the Third Samaritan Revolt ( 529 CE ) against the Byzantine Christian rulers, and mass conversion to Islam in the Early Muslim period of Palestine.

** Dr. Zakir Hussain is the first Muslim to become president of India.

Also in June 2010, May banned the Indian Muslim preacher Zakir Naik from entering the United Kingdom.

* Zakir Naik ( Indian Muslim )

* Zakir Hussain, Indian politician and educationist who served as the first Muslim President of India from 1967 to 1969.

Indian preacher Zakir Naik stated that if a former Muslim speaks against Islam then that is considered as treason and punishable by death in a country ruled by Islamic law.

Apart from Zakir Naik a number of famous Urdu speaking Muslim scholars including Dr. Israr Ahmed and Salman Husaini Nadwi have delivered lectures under IRF.

* Zakir Naik, Indian Muslim preacher ;

Naik Fazal Din VC ( 1 July 1921 – 2 March 1945 ) was a Punjabi Muslim recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

) Naik says that his goal is to " concentrate on the educated Muslim youth who have become apologetic about their own religion and have started to feel the religion is outdated.

Naik has said that any Muslim is free to convert from Islam if the person so chooses, but added that if a Muslim converts and then speaks against Islam or propagates this other religion, it should be considered treason ( as in treason to a country ).

Naik was forbidden from entering Canada after Tarek Fatah, founder of the Muslim Canadian Congress, warned MPs of Naik's views.

" He maintained that Naik supports a ban on the construction of non-Muslim places of worship in Muslim lands as well as the Taliban's bombing of the Bamiyan Buddhas.

The article quotes Muslim scholar Wahiduddin Khan: " Dawah, which Naik also claims to be engaged in, is to make people aware of the creation plan of God, not to peddle some provocative, dubious ideas as Naik does ".