For many Muslims, i ' thar must be practiced as a religious obligation during specific Islamic holidays.

Muslims must abstain from food and drink from dawn to dusk during this month, and are to be especially mindful of other sins.

Qutb preached that Muslims must engage in a two-pronged attack of converting individuals while also waging jihad to forcibly eliminate the " structures " of Jahiliyya – not only from the Islamic homeland but from the face of the earth.

In March 1940 Jinnah passed what would come to be known as the “ Pakistan Resolution ,” declaring “ Muslims are a nation according to any definition of a nation, and they must have their homelands, their territory and their State .” This state was to be known as Pakistan, meaning “ Land of the Pure .” Nehru angrily declared that “ all the old problems ... pale into insignificance before the latest stand taken by the Muslim League leader in Lahore .” Linlithgow made Nehru an offer on 8 October 1940.

As Muslims must fast during the day during Ramadan, mosques will host iftar dinners after sunset and the fourth required prayer of the day, maghrib.

Visiting a mosque is allowed only between prayers ; visitors are required to wear long trousers and not to wear shoes, women must cover their heads ; visitors are not allowed to interrupt praying Muslims, especially by taking photos of them ; no loud talk is allowed ; and no references to other religions are allowed ( no crosses on necklaces, no cross gestures etc.

However, many Muslims with medical conditions insist on fasting to satisfy their spiritual needs, and healthcare professionals must work with their patients to reach common ground.

Before prayer or other religious rituals, Muslims must clean themselves in a prescribed manner.

Muslims must turn to face the Kaaba in Mecca when they pray, and they must be purified in order for their prayers to be accepted.

All Muslims who live above the subsistence level must pay an annual alms, known as zakat.

Because the individual must pay zakat on the net wealth, wealthy Muslims are compelled to invest in profitable ventures, or otherwise see their wealth slowly erode.

Responding to the rebellion of 1501, the Castilian Crown rescinded the Alhambra Decree treaty, and mandated that Granada's Muslims must convert or emigrate.

* Emperor Yohannes I decrees that Muslims must live separately from Christians throughout Ethiopia.

William Montgomery Watt and Alfred Guillaume claim that stories of the event were true based upon the implausibility of Muslims fabricating a story so unflattering to their prophet: " Muhammad must have publicly recited the satanic verses as part of the Qur ' ān ; it is unthinkable that the story could have been invented by Muslims, or foisted upon them by non-Muslims.

Patel clashed with Nehru and Azad over the allocation of houses in Delhi vacated by Muslims leaving for Pakistan — Nehru and Azad desired to allocate them for displaced Muslims, while Patel argued that no government professing secularism must make such exclusions.

* The beneficiaries must not be at war with the Muslims.

Even more militant parties such as the Shiv Sena have invited Muslims to join and the party leader declared after the Babri Mosque incident, " We must look after the Muslims and treat them as part of us.

To achieve this he believed that China must develop a " China-nationalism ," Zhonghua Minzu, as opposed to an " ethnic-nationalism ," so as to unite all of the different ethnicities of China, mainly composed by the five major groups of Han, Mongols, Tibetans, Manchus, and the Muslims ( such as the Uyghurs ), which together are symbolized by the Five Color Flag of the First Republic ( 1911 – 1928 ).

Muslims have frequently cited Abraham's character as an example of how kind one must be towards people, and especially one's own parents.

Martin Kramer argues that for Muslims to arrive at the concept of the " eternal Jew ", there must be more at work than the Islamic tradition.

The wudu ( or ablution ) area, where Muslims wash their hands, forearm, face and feet before they pray.

Muslims ritually wash their feet before praying five times a day.

Some of the examples include a comb and pitcher, which is a reminder for Muslims to wash their hands and for men to comb their hair before performing prayer.

Fatwās generally contain the details of the scholar's reasoning, typically in response to a particular case, and are considered binding precedent by those Muslims who have bound themselves to that scholar, including future muftis ; mere rulings can be compared to memorandum opinions.

Importantly, it is not incumbent upon Muslims to subscribe to the Fatwa of any authority they do not themselves choose to accept as legally binding.

Islamists have, at least at times, defined themselves as " Islamiyyoun / Islamists " to differentiate themselves from " Muslimun / Muslims ".

The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims ( mujahideen ) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight jihad.

Muslims before prayer are required to cleanse themselves in an ablution process known as wudu.

This somewhat parallels the Muslims and mushrikūn prostrating themselves together after Muhammad's first, allegedly satanically infected, recitation of Sūra al-Najm, in which the efficacy of the three pagan goddesses is acknowledged ( Rubin, pp. 157 – 158 ).

The image of Muslims and pagans prostrating themselves together in prayer in turn links the story of the satanic verses to very abbreviated sūjud al-Qur ' ān ( i. e. prostration when reciting the Qur ' ān ) traditions found in the authoritative mussanaf hadīth collections, including the Sunni canonical ones of Bukhāri and Tirmidhī.

The group as a whole accepted the ethnonym " Tatars " ( finally in the end of 19th century ; although the name Bulgars persisted in some places ; the majority identified themselves simply as the Muslims ) and the language of the Kipchaks ; on the other hand, the invaders eventually converted to Islam.

The Quraysh denied the Muslims entry into the city and posted themselves outside Mecca, determined to show resistance, even though the Muslims had no intention or preparation for battle.

A January 2007 poll found that 61 % of the French population describe themselves as Roman Catholics, 21 % as Atheists, 4 % as Muslims, 3 % as Protestants, 1 % as Buddhists, and 1 % as Jews.

27 April 2009 < http :// www. brillonline. nl / subscriber / entry? entry = islam_COM-1377 ></ ref > Muslims see this process also as a way of purifying themselves from their greed and selfishness and also safeguarding future business.

Whereas most members of this group identified themselves by their ethnic or tribal names, some also considered themselves to be Muslims.

By the last censuses at the end of 20th century in Yugoslavia they have declared themselves to be Muslims by nationality.

During Eid, Burmese Muslims ask forgiveness from parents and elders and themselves try to forgive and forget any misunderstandings that may have occurred amongst one other.

The ulama in most nations consider themselves to represent the ijma " consensus " of the Ummah " community of Muslims " ( or to represent at least the scholarly or learned consensus ).

Persecution can extend beyond those who perceive themselves as Muslims to include those who are perceived by others as Muslims, or to Muslims which are considered by fellow Muslims as non-Muslims.

The Qur ' an gives clear instruction on many issues, such as how to perform the ritual purification before the obligatory daily prayers, but on other issues, some Muslims believe the Qur ' an alone is not enough to make things clear.

For some time, Bhatinda remained the capital of the kingdom of Bhatti Rajputs of the Pal clan, who ruled North India before the Muslims occupied the country.

Muslims also believe Joshua to be the " attendant " of Moses mentioned in the Qur ’ ān, before Moses meets Khidr.

Greeks, Syrians, and Jews continued to live as they had before, subject to their own laws and courts, with their former Muslim overlords simply replaced by the crusaders ; Muslims now joined them at the lowest level of society.

Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through the prophets Abraham, Moses and Jesus.

Other mosque bombings in Iraq, both before and after the February 2006 bombing, have been part of the conflict between the country's groups of Muslims.

Muslims believe that a person will correctly answer the questions not by remembering the answers before death ( compare with the Egyptian Book of the Dead ) but by their iman and deeds such as salah and shahadah ( the Islamic profession of faith ).

Each day before dawn, Muslims observe a pre-fast meal called Suhoor.

After stopping a short time before dawn, Muslims hasten to pray the first prayer of the day, the Fajr prayer.

One such example of those who observed fasting before Muslims were the Jews who had migrated to Medinah awaiting the foretold unlettered Prophet.

The members of these caravans had, in vain, besought his mercy by reciting the truce between the Muslims and the Crusaders, but he ignored this and insulted their prophet Muhammad before murdering and torturing a number of them.

Jean-José Puig describes how Massoud often led prayers before a meal or at times asked his fellow Muslims to lead the prayer but also did not hesitate to ask a Christian friend Jean-José Puig or the Jewish Princeton University Professor Michael Barry: " Jean-José, we believe in the same God.

The Cave of the Patriarchs massacre took place on February 25, 1994 when Baruch Goldstein, an Israeli physician and resident of Kiryat Arba, opened fire on Muslims at prayer in the Ibrahimi Mosque, killing 29, and wounding 125 before the survivors overcame and killed him.

While the Zamorin was willing to sign a new treaty, Gama made a preposterous call to the Hindu king to expel all Muslims from Calicut before beginning negotiations, which was naturally turned down.

Following a period of fighting lasting around a hundred years before 620 AD which mainly involved Arab and Jewish inhabitants of Medina ( then known as Yathrib ), religious freedom for Muslims, Jews and pagans was declared by Muhammad in the Constitution of Medina.

He also forced al-Azhar to issue a fatwa readmitting Shia Muslims, Alawites, and Druze into mainstream Islam ; for centuries before, al-Azhar deemed them as " heretics " and non-Muslims.

Shi ' a Muslims believe that when the world becomes oppressed, the Imam Mahdi ( also termed the Qa ' im ) will come out of occultation and restore true religion on Earth before the cataclysmic end of the world and judgement day.

In the 13th century, the Tibetan Buddhist teachers of the Sakya school, led by Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen took part in a religious debate with Christians and Muslims before the Mongolian royal court.

Muslims remained in peace in Medina for approximately a year before the Quraish raised an army to attack them.

Muslims believe that the Qur ' an predicted many events years before they happened.

While obviously meant to take place in the mid-Fifth century, Foster incorporated anachronistic elements: Viking Longships, Muslims, alchemists and technological advances not made before the Renaissance.