For many Muslims, i ' thar must be practiced as a religious obligation during specific Islamic holidays.

Muslims must wash themselves before prayer, this washing is called wudū ' (" purification ").

Muslims must abstain from food and drink from dawn to dusk during this month, and are to be especially mindful of other sins.

Qutb preached that Muslims must engage in a two-pronged attack of converting individuals while also waging jihad to forcibly eliminate the " structures " of Jahiliyya – not only from the Islamic homeland but from the face of the earth.

In March 1940 Jinnah passed what would come to be known as the “ Pakistan Resolution ,” declaring “ Muslims are a nation according to any definition of a nation, and they must have their homelands, their territory and their State .” This state was to be known as Pakistan, meaning “ Land of the Pure .” Nehru angrily declared that “ all the old problems ... pale into insignificance before the latest stand taken by the Muslim League leader in Lahore .” Linlithgow made Nehru an offer on 8 October 1940.

Visiting a mosque is allowed only between prayers ; visitors are required to wear long trousers and not to wear shoes, women must cover their heads ; visitors are not allowed to interrupt praying Muslims, especially by taking photos of them ; no loud talk is allowed ; and no references to other religions are allowed ( no crosses on necklaces, no cross gestures etc.

However, many Muslims with medical conditions insist on fasting to satisfy their spiritual needs, and healthcare professionals must work with their patients to reach common ground.

Before prayer or other religious rituals, Muslims must clean themselves in a prescribed manner.

Muslims must turn to face the Kaaba in Mecca when they pray, and they must be purified in order for their prayers to be accepted.

All Muslims who live above the subsistence level must pay an annual alms, known as zakat.

Because the individual must pay zakat on the net wealth, wealthy Muslims are compelled to invest in profitable ventures, or otherwise see their wealth slowly erode.

Responding to the rebellion of 1501, the Castilian Crown rescinded the Alhambra Decree treaty, and mandated that Granada's Muslims must convert or emigrate.

* Emperor Yohannes I decrees that Muslims must live separately from Christians throughout Ethiopia.

William Montgomery Watt and Alfred Guillaume claim that stories of the event were true based upon the implausibility of Muslims fabricating a story so unflattering to their prophet: " Muhammad must have publicly recited the satanic verses as part of the Qur ' ān ; it is unthinkable that the story could have been invented by Muslims, or foisted upon them by non-Muslims.

Patel clashed with Nehru and Azad over the allocation of houses in Delhi vacated by Muslims leaving for Pakistan — Nehru and Azad desired to allocate them for displaced Muslims, while Patel argued that no government professing secularism must make such exclusions.

* The beneficiaries must not be at war with the Muslims.

Even more militant parties such as the Shiv Sena have invited Muslims to join and the party leader declared after the Babri Mosque incident, " We must look after the Muslims and treat them as part of us.

To achieve this he believed that China must develop a " China-nationalism ," Zhonghua Minzu, as opposed to an " ethnic-nationalism ," so as to unite all of the different ethnicities of China, mainly composed by the five major groups of Han, Mongols, Tibetans, Manchus, and the Muslims ( such as the Uyghurs ), which together are symbolized by the Five Color Flag of the First Republic ( 1911 – 1928 ).

Muslims have frequently cited Abraham's character as an example of how kind one must be towards people, and especially one's own parents.

Martin Kramer argues that for Muslims to arrive at the concept of the " eternal Jew ", there must be more at work than the Islamic tradition.

The fast is meant to allow Muslims to seek nearness to Allah, to express their gratitude to and dependence on him, atone for their past sins, and to remind them of the needy.

For example the Qur ' an states one needs to engage in daily prayers and fast during the month of Ramadan but some Muslims believe they need further instructions on how to perform these duties.

It is used to date events in many Muslim countries ( concurrently with the Gregorian calendar ), and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper days on which to observe the annual fast ( see Ramadan ), to attend Hajj, and to celebrate other Islamic holidays and festivals.

Traditionally during the month of Ramadan, men ( known as Saggas ) provided mineral water and fruit juice for Muslims breaking their fast at dusk.

Whether or not fasting on that day was obligatory, today, it still not uncommon for Muslims to fast that day voluntarily.

Muslims may also fast on other special days of the year, and to make up for missed days of fasting.

Many Unitarian Universalist churches celebrate observances associated with other religious traditions, including Buddhist-style meditation groups, Jewish Seder, Yom Kipur and Passover dinners, iftaar meals ( marking the breaking of Ramadan fast for Muslims ), and Christmas Eve / Winter Solstice services.

In Nigeria it is called Dabino and used by Muslims to break their fast.

The religious Eid is a single day and Muslims are not permitted to fast that day.

Muslims believe that they are commanded by God, as mentioned in the Qur ' an, to continue their fast until the last day of Ramadan and pay the Zakat and fitra before doing the Eid prayer.

Mohammed admired them as monotheists and saw them as natural adherents to the new faith and Jewish practices helped model early Islamic behavior, such as midday prayer, prayers on Friday, Ramadan fasting ( modelled after the Jewish Yom Kippur fast on the tenth of the month of Tishrei ), and most famously the fact that until 623 Muslims prayed toward Jerusalem, not Mecca.

Some Muslims fast during these days.

Many Sunni Muslims fast during this day, because it is recorded in the hadith that Musa ( Moses ) and his people obtained a victory over the Egyptian Pharaoh on the 10th day of Muharram ; accordingly Islamic prophet Muhammad asked Muslims to fast on this day, and also a day extra either before or after, so that they are not similar to Jews ( since, according to him, Jews used to fast for one day due to the same reason, and many practices recorded in the hadith are specifically performed to avoid any apparent similarity to those of contemporary neighbouring Jews and Christians ).

Many Muslims cook something sweet like sweet rice and distribute it throughout their family and circle of friends to eat when breaking their fast.

Sunni Muslims also fast during Muharram for the first ten days of Muharram, just the tenth day or on both the ninth and tenth days ; the exact term depending on the individual.

Many Muslims, following the reported example of the Prophet, break their fast with a date, followed by a variety of dishes.

Thus, he kept the fasts of the Muslims and broke fast when they did.

All Muslims will fast by day during the month of the Ramadan, and a celebration will be held at the end of the celebration.

In Ivory Coast, Muslims pray, fast, and give alms as required by tenets of Islam, and many perform the hajj being made compulsory.

As the Ottoman Empire further fragmented during the Balkan Wars, much of the non-Christian populations of its former possessions, mainly the Balkan Muslims, flocked to Anatolia and were resettled in various locations, mostly in formerly Christian villages throughout Anatolia.

" In 1009, during the reign of the sixth Fatimid Caliph, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the Church of the Nativity was ordered to be demolished, but was spared by local Muslims, because they had been permitted to worship in the structure's southern transept.

Muslims in Bosnia praying on a hillside during the Balkan Wars.

The second period was characterized by the Spanish attempts to reimpose arbitrary rule during the period known as the Reconquista of 1814 – 1817 (" Reconquest ": the term echoes the Reconquista in which the Christian kingdoms retook Iberia from the Muslims ).

ROC flags were saluted by Muslims in Ningxia during prayer along with exhortations to nationalism during Chiang's rule.

An early Muslim tradition is that the Negus Ashama ibn Abjar offered asylum to a group of Muslims fleeing persecution during Muhammad's life ( 615 ), but Stuart Munro-Hay believes that Axum had been abandoned as the capital by then – although Kobishchanov states that Ethiopian raiders plagued the Red Sea, preying on Arabian ports at least as late as 702.

Jews and Muslims were not the only people to be persecuted during this time period.

During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition ; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions ; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.