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Neodymium is typically 10 % to 18 % of the rare earth content of commercial deposits of the light rare earth element minerals bastnasite and monazite.
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Neodymium and is
Neodymium ( ) is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60.
Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use.
Neodymium is also used with various other substrate crystals, such as yttrium aluminum garnet in the Nd: YAG laser.
Neodymium is a quite electropositive element, and it reacts slowly with cold water, but quite quickly with hot water to form neodymium hydroxide:
Neodymium is never found in nature as the free element, but rather it occurs in ores such as monazite and bastnäsite that contain small amounts of all the rare earth metals.
* Neodymium has an unusually large specific heat capacity at liquid-helium temperatures, so is useful in cryocoolers
The current laser at the UK Atomic Weapons Establishment ( AWE ), the HELEN ( High Energy Laser Embodying Neodymium ) 1-terawatt neodymium-glass laser, can access the midpoints of pressure and temperature regions and is used to acquire data for modeling on how density, temperature and pressure interact inside warheads.
Neodymium glass ( Nd: glass ) is produced by the inclusion of neodymium oxide ( Nd < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub >) in the glass melt.
Neodymium is also used to remove the green color caused by iron contaminants from glass.
Neodymium is a component of " didymium " ( referring to mixture of salts of neodymium and praseodymium ) used for coloring glass to make welder's and glass-blower's goggles ; the sharp absorption bands obliterate the strong sodium emission at 589 nm.
Neodymium metal dust is a combustion and explosion hazard.
Neodymium is another rare earth metal which is a crucial ingredient in high-strength magnets that are found in permanent magnet electric motors.
* It is possible for these strips to be completely erased if brought close to high strength Neodymium magnets
The atomic number of Neodymium is 60, and Cobalt-60 (< sup > 60 </ sup > Co ) is a radioactive isotope of cobalt.
Neodymium always dominates, which is why it got the " neo " appellation, being responsible for most of the color of the old didymium in its salts.
Neodymium and typically
Neodymium ions in various types of ionic crystals, and also in glasses, act as a laser gain medium, typically emitting 1064 nm light from a particular atomic transition in the neodymium ion, after being " pumped " into excitation from an external sourceNeodymium doped glass slabs used in extremely powerful lasers for inertial confinement fusion.
Neodymium ions in various types of ionic crystals, and also in glasses, act as a laser gain medium, typically emitting 1064 nm light from a particular atomic transition in the neodymium ion, after being " pumped " into excitation from an external source
Neodymium and 10
In all, 33 radioisotopes of Neodymium have been characterized up to now, with the most stable being naturally occurring isotopes < sup > 144 </ sup > Nd ( alpha decay, a half-life ( T < sub > ½ </ sub >) of 2. 29 × 10 < sup > 15 </ sup > years ) and < sup > 150 </ sup > Nd ( double beta decay, T < sub > ½ </ sub > of 7 × 10 < sup > 18 </ sup > years ).
Neodymium and 18
Neodymium, a rare earth metal, was present in the classical mischmetal at a concentration of about 18 %.
Neodymium and rare
Neodymium compounds, as with all rare earth metals, are of low to moderate toxicity ; however its toxicity has not been thoroughly investigated.
Neodymium and element
* Neodymium, an element with the symbol " Nd "
The primary sight has an integrated Neodymium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ( Nd: YAG ) solid state laser rangefinder and a 120 element cadmium mercury telluride, CdHgTe ( also known as CMT ) Zeiss thermal sight which are both linked to the tank's fire control computer.
Neodymium and .
Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.
Neodymium compounds were first commercially used as glass dyes in 1927, and they remain a popular additive in glasses.
Neodymium exists in two allotropic forms, with a transformation from a double hexagonal to a body-centered cubic structure taking place at about 863 ° C.
Neodymium dissolves readily in dilute sulfuric acid to form solutions that contain the lilac Nd ( III ) ion.
File: Neodymium tl1. jpg | Neodymium compounds in tube lighting ( TL )
File: Neodymium fluorescent1. jpg | Neodymium compounds in energy-saving fluorescent lighting
File: Neodymium daylight1. jpg | Neodymium compounds in normal daylight
Neodymium was discovered by Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach, an Austrian chemist, in Vienna in 1885.
Neodymium magnets are the strongest permanent magnets known – Nd < sub > 2 </ sub > Fe < sub > 14 </ sub > B.
Neodymium magnets appear in products such as microphones, professional loudspeakers, in-ear headphones, guitar and bass guitar pick-ups and computer hard disks where low mass, small volume, or strong magnetic fields are required.
Neodymium magnet electric motors have also been responsible for the development of purely electrical model aircraft within the first decade of the 21st century, to the point that these are displacing internal combustion powered models internationally.
Neodymium glass solid-state lasers are used in extremely high power ( terawatt scale ), high energy ( megajoules ) multiple beam systems for inertial confinement fusion.
Neodymium may be used to color glass in delicate shades ranging from pure violet through wine-red and warm gray.
Neodymium glass was widely emulated in the early 1930s by American glasshouses, most notably Heisey, Fostoria (" wisteria "), Cambridge (" heatherbloom "), and Steuben (" wisteria "), and elsewhere ( e. g. Lalique, in France, or Murano ).
is and typically
This process is especially difficult since gyro drifting is typically random.
Thus, typically, the first stage of a Communist takeover is to `` neutralize '' a country.
Chaâbi music is a typically Algerian musical genre that was derived from the Andalusian music during the 1920s.
It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable for data transmission ; an error in transmitting the shift code typically makes a long part of the transmission unreadable.
The egg of an amphibian is typically surrounded by a transparent gelatinous covering secreted by the oviducts and containing mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides.
Random error is typically assumed to be normally distributed with zero mean and a constant variance.
" Counting tray "), is typically tall and comes in various widths depending on the operator.
Devanagari is typically an abugida augmented with dedicated letters for initial vowels, though some traditions use अ as a zero consonant as the graphic base for such vowels.
An aardvark's weight is typically between.
The wash is typically swished or gargled for about half a minute and then spat out.
The flower is typically somewhat zygomorphic ( i. e. not radially symmetrical ) and has nectaries.
An axon ( also known as a nerve fiber ) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
The birthstone of April is the diamond, and the birth flower is typically listed as either the Daisy or the Sweet Pea.
The Nicene Creed is predominantly recited during the mass while the Apostles ' is typically used for other occasions, healings, etc.
The total energy of the recoil nucleus is readily calculable, and is roughly the weight of the alpha ( 4 u ) divided by the weight of the parent ( typically about 200 u ) times the total energy of the alpha.
Offshore anchorage is sparse and intermittent, but poses no problem to sailboats designed for the ice, typically with lifting keels and long shorelines.
The standard is whether " removing barriers " ( typically defined as bringing a condition into compliance with the ADAAG ) is " readily achievable ", defined as " easily accomplished without much difficulty or expense ".
According to the anthropologist Tim Ingold, animism shares similarities to totemism but differs in its focus on individual spirit beings which help to perpetuate life, whereas totemism more typically holds that there is a primary source, such as the land itself or the ancestors, who provide the basis to life.
Assault is typically treated as a misdemeanor and not as a felony ( unless it involves a law enforcement officer ).
Today, it is typically written in either katakana or Latin alphabet.
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