Non-racist pre-Adamism can be traced back to Paschal Beverly Randolph, an occultist, Paschal was of Malagasy and Native American ancestry, he was a spokesman against slavery.

Because of widespread theological opposition to the pre-Adamite theories of his friend, La Peyrère, Bernier published his paper anonymously.

In 1591 Giordano Bruno argued that because no one could imagine that the Jews and the Ethiopians had the same ancestry that God must have either created separate Adams or that Africans were the descendants of pre-Adamite races.

Carroll concludes in the book that the White race was made in the image and likeness of God and that Adam gave birth to the White race only, while Negros are pre-Adamite beasts and could not possibly have been made in God's image and likeness because they are beastlike, immoral and ugly.

Carroll claimed that the pre-Adamite races such as blacks did not have souls.

In 1591 Giordano Bruno argued that because no one could imagine that the Jews and the Ethiopians had the same ancestry, then God must have either created separate Adams or Africans were the descendants of pre-Adamite races.

Pre-Adamites also claimed that Cain took a wife from one of the inferior pre-Adamite peoples.

Randolph traveled to many countries of the world where he wrote different parts of his book, in the book Paschal claims that Adam was not the first man and that pre-Adamite men existed on all continents around the globe 35, 000 years to 100, 000 years ago.

His book was different than many of the other writings from other pre-Adamite authors because in Randolph's book he claims the pre-Adamites were civilised men while other pre-Adamite authors argued that the pre-Adamites were beasts or hominids.

Randolph traveled to many countries of the world where he wrote different parts of his book, in the book Paschal claims that Adam was not the first man and that pre-Adamite men existed on all continents around the globe 35, 000 years to 100, 000 years ago.

His book is different than many of the other writings from other pre-Adamite authors because in Randolph's book he claims the pre-Adamites were civilised men while other pre-Adamite authors argued that the pre-Adamites were beasts or hominids.

Other theories of origin are compatible with the formulaic theory: Beowulf may contain a design for terror, and The Iliad may have a vast hysteron-proteron pattern answering to a ceramic pattern produced during the Geometric Period in pottery.

One night, so some of these theories run, Adam would have fallen asleep, much as he fell asleep for the creation of Eve ; ;

A number of theories have been proposed as explanations as well as criticisms regarding its existence.

Topics like racism, slavery or human sacrifice, therefore, attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation have been proposed, not to mention theories of colonialism and many others as root causes of Man's inhumanity to man.

Tylor in particular laid the groundwork for theories of cultural diffusionism, stating that there are three ways that different groups can have similar cultural forms or technologies: " independent invention, inheritance from ancestors in a distant region, transmission from one race to another.

Wittowsky argues that not enough critics have taken the time to focus directly on the mercantilism and theories of labor in 18th century England.

The idea of negative matter appears in past theories of matter that have now been abandoned.

Some theories have been put forward that the anthropocentric belief in animism among early humans was the basis for the later evolution of religions.

A number of theories have been proposed to explain the two figures, and there are occasional references to them in popular culture.

Despite being quite religious, he was also interested in mathematics and science, and sometimes is claimed to have contradicted the teachings of the Church in favour of scientific theories.

Both aspects have steadily developed into substantial theories.

In addition to omitting the axiom of regularity, non-standard set theories have indeed postulated the existence of sets that are elements of themselves.

In a lecture in 2001, Stephen Hawking stated " The reason most scientists don't believe in astrology is because it is not consistent with our theories that have been tested by experiment.

Evolutionary aesthetics refers to evolutionary psychology theories in which the basic aesthetic preferences of Homo sapiens are argued to have evolved in order to enhance survival and reproductive success.

While many indigenous Amazonian people say they received the instructions directly from plants and plant spirits, researchers have devised a number of alternative theories to explain its discovery.

Two theories of the direct initiation of apoptotic mechanisms in mammals have been suggested: the TNF-induced ( tumour necrosis factor ) model and the Fas-Fas ligand-mediated model, both involving receptors of the TNF receptor ( TNFR ) family coupled to extrinsic signals.

Some philosophers who have had more noteworthy theories are Parmenides, Leucippus, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Plotinus, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hegel, Heidegger, and Sartre.

These two factors combined with others have obscured the history of the Baltic languages, leading to a number of theories regarding their position in the Indo-European family.

The origin of the term is uncertain, and many researchers have different theories on how the word entered the English vocabulary.

Some scholars disagree, and have proposed other theories.

This is different from other field theories like electromagnetism, which do not have any friction or resistivity at the microscopic level, because they are time-reversible.

There are many theories about how the word " cipher " may have come to mean " encoding ":

The felt necessities of the time, the prevalent moral and political theories, intuitions of public policy, avowed or unconscious, even the prejudices which judges share with their fellow men, have had a good deal more to do than the syllogism in determining the rules by which men should be governed.

The discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1965 lent strong support to the Big Bang model, and since the precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background by the Cosmic Background Explorer in the early 1990s, few cosmologists have seriously proposed other theories of the origin and evolution of the cosmos.

A. M. Wergeland called the Adams method literally antihistorical, while Clive Day maintained that the assumptions were not confined to theories alone but were also applicable to straight factual evidence.

In class theories such as Von Neumann – Bernays – Gödel set theory and Morse – Kelley set theory, there is a possible axiom called the axiom of global choice which is stronger than the axiom of choice for sets because it also applies to proper classes.

He also developed his own highly unusual theories of physics, according to which such concepts as " penetrability ", " suction and pressure " and " zig-zag-and-swirl " were discoveries on par with Einstein's Theory of Relativity.

Closely linked to these cohomology theories, he originated topos theory as a generalisation of topology ( relevant also in categorical logic ).

There was an artificial platform there and this apparent verification of Thom's long alignment hypothesis ( Kintraw was diagnosed as an accurate winter solstice site ) led him to check Thom's geometrical theories at the Cultoon stone circle in Islay, also with a positive result.

He was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools, and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism.

Some grand unified theories of particle physics also predict that a single proton can decay, changing the baryon number by one ; however, this has not yet been observed under experiment.

As Boxall and Gallagher ( 1997 ) also observe ; "... accumulation of reserves in the early-1990's, beyond regulatory and future growth requirements, is difficult to reconcile with conventional theories of mutual behaviour ".

However, the term naive set theory is also used in some literature to refer to the set theories studied by Frege and Cantor, rather than to the informal counterparts of modern axiomatic set theory ; care is required to tell which sense is intended.

Most good investigative reporters are also conspiracy theorists, according to Fox, and some of their theories turn out to be at least partly true.

In the criminal justice system, actual conspiracies and conspiracy theories can also be distinguished by scale, as actual conspiracies are usually small in scale and involve " a single event or issue.

Complications occurs for terms such as UFO, which literally means " unidentified flying object " but connotes alien spacecraft, a concept also associated with some conspiracy theories, and thus possessing a certain social stigma.

It has also given rise to a new theory of the philosophy of mathematics, and many theories of artificial intelligence, persuasion and coercion.

There are also, however, a large number of idiosyncratic theories that cannot cleanly be assigned to any of these camps.

The chief problem for eudaemonist theories is to show that leading a life of virtue will also be attended by happiness — by the winning of the goods regarded as the chief end of action.

Consequentialism can also be contrasted with aretaic moral theories such as virtue ethics.

Gauss also made important contributions to number theory with his 1801 book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ( Latin, Arithmetical Investigations ), which, among things, introduced the symbol ≡ for congruence and used it in a clean presentation of modular arithmetic, contained the first two proofs of the law of quadratic reciprocity, developed the theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms, stated the class number problem for them, and showed that a regular heptadecagon ( 17-sided polygon ) can be constructed with straightedge and compass.

Foucault's interpretation of governance is also very important in constructing theories of transnational power structure.

According to Mircea Eliade, the medieval " Gioacchinian myth [...] of universal renovation in a more or less imminent future " has influenced a number of modern theories of history, such as those of Lessing ( who explicitly compares his views to those of medieval " enthusiasts "), Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling, and has also influenced a number of Russian writers.

It is also used to form reasonable hypotheses about complex physical situations that can be tested by experiment or by more developed theories of the phenomena, and to categorize types of physical quantities and units based on their relations to or dependence on other units, or their dimensions if any.

However, Darwinism is also used neutrally within the scientific community to distinguish modern evolutionary theories, sometimes called " NeoDarwinism ", from those first proposed by Darwin.

Darwinism also is used neutrally by historians to differentiate his theory from other evolutionary theories current around the same period.

It may also refer specifically to the role of Charles Darwin as opposed to others in the history of evolutionary thought — particularly contrasting Darwin's results with those of earlier theories such as Lamarckism or later ones such as the modern synthesis.

Doublespeak might also have some connections with contemporary theories as well.