While the Ottomans held their own in the conflict they ultimately lost with Ochakov falling in 1788 to the Russians ( all of its inhabitants being massacred.

But Bulgaria now had no claims against the Ottomans, whereas Serbia, Greece and Romania ( allies of Britain and France ) were all in possession of lands perceived in Bulgaria as its own.

However, not long after, Yeshaq revolted once again with Ottoman support but was defeated once and for all in 1578, leaving the Ottomans with domain over Massawa, Arqiqo and some of the nearby coastal environs, which were soon transferred to the control of Beja Na ' ibs ( deputies ).

The outbreak of the First World War with the necessity to bring back the troops to Italy, the proclamation of the Holy War by the Ottomans, the uprising of the Libyans in Tripolitania and Fezzan and the partisan war led by the Senussi in Cyrenaica forced the Italians to abandon all the occupied territory and to entrench themselves in Tripoli, Derna and the coast of Cyrenaica.

When reinforcements to the Serbian royal army arrived some weeks later during the Battle of Kumanovo ( 50 km northeast of Skopje ) it proved decisive in firmly driving out the Ottomans from all of Macedonia.

The Ottomans, Safavids, and Ilkhanids, all maintained a mint in Yerevan.

* July – Ottomans and Barbary pirates invade the Mediterranean Island of Gozo, enslaving all inhabitants ( est.

Stephen the Great ruled between 1457 and 1504, a period of nearly 50 years during which he won 32 battles defending his country against virtually all his neighbours ( mainly the Ottomans and the Tatars, but also the Hungarians and the Poles ), while losing only two.

A Holy League, which consisted of all the Italian states and Spain, was formed in 1538 to drive the Ottomans back, but was defeated at the Battle of Preveza.

The failure of the Crusade of Varna made the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 all but inevitable, and Varna ( with all of Bulgaria ) was to remain under Ottoman domination for over four centuries.

Various phenomena throughout Greek history ( the extensive colonization by classical Greek city states, the vast expansion of Greek culture in Hellenistic times, the large dominions at times held by the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire, and the energetic trading activity by Greeks under the Ottomans ) all tended to create Greek communities far beyond the boundaries of modern Greece.

The same clause authorized the signatories in concert to instruct their naval commanders in the Mediterranean to " take all measures that circumstances may suggest " ( i. e. including military action ) to enforce the Allied demands, if the Ottomans failed to comply within the specified time limit.

A protocol between the Ottomans and the Persians was signed in Istanbul in 1913, which declared that the Ottoman-Persian frontier run along the thalweg, but World War I canceled all plans.

Gennadius became a political authority as well as a religious one, as were all his successors under the Ottomans.

The legends include tales that it was invented in Europe to celebrate the defeat of the Umayyad forces at the Battle of Tours by the Franks in 732, with the shape representing the Islamic crescent ; that it was invented in Vienna in 1683 to celebrate the defeat of the Ottomans by Christian forces in the siege of the city, as a reference to the crescents on the Ottoman flags, when bakers staying up all night heard the tunneling operation and gave the alarm ; tales linking croissants with the kifli and the siege of Buda in 1686.

The fortified city, with towers, gates and defensive ramparts, enabled the Ottomans to resist all attacks.

After a peace treaty was signed in Požarevac, the Ottomans lost all its possessions in the Danube basin, as well as today's northern Serbia and northern Bosnia, parts of Dalmatia and the Peloponnesus.

Thus the final agreement between the two countries stipulated that, in the event of a victorious war against the Ottomans, Bulgaria would receive all of Macedonia south of the Kriva Palanka-Ohrid line.

In 1720 their synagogue was burned down and all Ashkenazi Jews were banned by the Ottomans.

With the first four redoubts on the Causeway Heights either captured or out of action, all that protected Balaclava were Lucan's Cavalry Division, together with the 550 men of the 93 Highlanders, Barker's W Battery, 100 invalids under Colonel Daveney, and some Ottomans, reinforced by their countrymen from the redoubts who had rallied and formed up alongside them.

The Ottomans divided Palestine into six sanjaqs (" districts "): Safad, Jenin, Jerusalem, Gaza, Ajlun and Nablus, all of which were part of Ottoman Syria.

By the winter the Ottomans had captured one after the other all adjacent castles: Lezhë, Drisht, and Žabljak Crnojevića.

All were carrying guns they had seized up, but they were half-clad or hardly clad at all.

There were tracks of cattle all over his six hundred and forty acres.

It poured out of him like an electric current, a feeling that the muscles and nerves of his fine-drawn body were coiling for action, and that that action would be all that he anticipated.

They were all good men.

The company herds were being raided less often, and cabins and soddies all over the range were standing deserted.

Soon they were all shouting greetings, exchanging smiles, and rejoicing to think that they were all back together again.

There were no less than six or seven saloons in Ganado, not counting the lower class dives, all vying for the trade of celebrating miners and teamsters.

Perhaps her eyes were larger and more of a summer blue for all they had seen and wept that day.

His comrades were all dead.

His superiors had said that all marines were depraved.

And projecting wickedly through these curtains were the gleaming muzzles of six rifles, all trained on Billy Tilghman.

He considered himself handsome and seemed to think all the girls were after him.

The sun was not yet high and all of them were in the small area of shade cast by the boulder.

She remained squatting on her heels all the time we were there ; ;

However, just as all the buildings have not fallen and flowed back to their original mud, so the values which wanted them and saw that they were built have not all disappeared.

`` As an independent American I considered all who were not for us, and you amongst the rest, as against us, yet be assured that John Jay never ceased to be the friend of Peter Van Schaack ''.

But there have been abrupt changes as well: the sit-ins, the picket lines, the bus strikes -- all of these were unheard-of even ten years ago.

The North and the South were in greater agreement on sovereignty, through all their dispute about it, than were the Founding Fathers.

However, i ' thar is also still an Islamic ideal to which all Muslims should strive to adhere at all times.

Again, it was not enough to merely ask or urge his audiences to put aside their blood loyalties and ethnic differences, and embrace the equality of all Muslims under the Sacred Law, it was necessary to make them do so.

As for the foremost one in the matter of Islam and faith, it was Ali ibn Abi Talib '" Other Sunnis and all Shi ' a Muslims maintain that the second person to publicly accept Muhammed as the messenger of God was Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first being Muhammad's wife Khadija.

Not all Muslims are in agreement on the use of art in religious observance, the proper place of art in society, or the relation between secular art and the demands placed on the secular world to conform to religious precepts.

It constituted a formal agreement between Muhammad and all of the significant tribes and families of Yathrib ( later known as Medina ), including Muslims, Jews, and pagans.

“ If you slaughter sheep, you will be considered guilty of a crime .” He issued a regulation to that effect ... 1279 / 1280 under Qubilai all the Muslims say: “ if someone else slaughters animal we do not eat ”.

Muhammad promoted concubines Maria Qibtia and Rehana as Umm-ul-Momineen ( Mother of all Muslims ) awarding them same splendid household, rights, privileges, protocol and status as he had ensured for all other wives who belonged to reputed race, tribes and / or families.

In 1305, after the issuing of a fatwa by the scholar Ibn Taymiyyah calling for jihad against all non-Sunni Muslims like the Druze, Alawites, Ismaili, and twelver Shiites, al-Malik al-Nasir inflicted a disastrous defeat on the Druze at Keserwan and forced outward compliance on their part to orthodox Sunni Islam.

Zakat or alms-giving is the practice of charitable giving by Muslims based on accumulated wealth, and is obligatory for all who are able to do so.

This wider concept of Islamic jurisprudence is the source of a range of laws in different topics that govern the lives of the Muslims in all facets of everyday life.

It aims for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of gender, in public and private life.

In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only " always oppose " infidels " in every way ," but " hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake ," that democracy " is responsible for all the horrible wars of the 20th century ," that Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were infidels, etc.

While this effort has by no means converted all, or even most, Muslims to the Wahhabist interpretation of Islam, it has done much to overwhelm more moderate local interpretations, and has set the Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the " gold standard " of religion in Muslims ' minds.

Elsewhere in the Qur ' an, Isaac is mentioned in lists: Joseph follows the religion of his forefathers Abraham, Isaac and Jacob ( XII: 38 ) and speaks of God's favor to them ( XII: 6 ); Jacob's sons all testify their faith and promise to worship the God that their forefathers, " Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac ", worshiped ( II: 127 ); and the Qur ' an commands Muslims to believe in the revelations that were given to " Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the Patriarchs " ( II: 136 ; III: 84 ).

Women may not lead prayers other than if it is an all female group ( among native Muslims in China ( Hui ), women have traditionally been trained as, and practice, the role of imam among female-only congregations ; these are often the wives of imams ( see Nusi )).

This is understood by both mainstream Muslims and historians to have been stated by Muhammad to emphasize upon the notion of equality between all the prophets and the law of making no distinction between any of the messengers.

In March 1940 Jinnah passed what would come to be known as the “ Pakistan Resolution ,” declaring “ Muslims are a nation according to any definition of a nation, and they must have their homelands, their territory and their State .” This state was to be known as Pakistan, meaning “ Land of the Pure .” Nehru angrily declared that “ all the old problems ... pale into insignificance before the latest stand taken by the Muslim League leader in Lahore .” Linlithgow made Nehru an offer on 8 October 1940.

This should not imply that the multi-confessional state appealed to all, or that all Muslims were happy with the situation in India.

According to Edward G. Browne, the three most prominent mystical Persian poets Rumi, Sana ' i and Attar were all Sunni Muslims and their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb.

General Ma Bufang and other high ranking Muslim Generals attended the Kokonuur Lake Ceremony where the God of the Lake was worshipped, and during the ritual, the Chinese national anthem was sung, all participants bowed to a Portrait of Kuomintang party founder Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and the God of the Lake was also bowed to, and offerings were given to him by the participants, which included the Muslims.