The dossier mentioned that Espejo's mother was born from a noble Navarran family.

A famous Navarran brand of asparagus has this name.

Carlos invaded the Basque country in the north of Spain and attracted support from absolutist reactionaries and conservatives ; these forces were known as the " Carlist " forces.

" Though Cristino resistance to the insurrection seemed to have been overcome by the end of 1833, Maria Cristina's forces suddenly drove the Carlist armies from most of the Basque country.

* August 31 – The First Carlist war ( Spain ) ends with the Convenio de Vergara, also known as the Abrazo de Vergara (" the embrace in Vergara "; Bergara in Basque ), between liberal general Baldomero Espartero, Count of Luchana and Carlist General Rafael Maroto.

However, the Carlist Zouaves also wore a distinctive feature that differentiated them from existing zouave regiments elsewhere, in the form of a beret of Basque influence with a characteristic tassel.

Zumalacárregui, a Basque people | Basque, saved the Carlist cause from the brink of disaster in 1833.

The concept of a Basque nationalism was born out of the Carlist question and the influences from the Romantic European view of nationalism in the nineteenth century.

By the end of the 19th century Arana, coming from a Carlist background, created a xenophobic ideology centered on the purity of the Basque race and its so-called moral supremacy over other Spaniards ( a derivation of the system of limpieza de sangre of Modern-Age Spain ), anti-Liberal Catholic integrism, and deep opposition to the migration of other Spaniards to the Basque Country which had started at the first stages of the industrial revolution.

* One of the founders of Basque nationalism, Sabino Arana, came from a Carlist background, and for many years competed for the same audience ( Basque deep Catholics ).

Carlist and Nationalists drafted the first Basque Statute of Autonomy, but Carlists battled and defeated Basque nationalists in 1936-1937.

In Basque, the Carlist troops were hence called txapelgorri-though the name was also shared by units of the opposing Liberal side.

* The First Carlist War ( 1832-1839 ) lasted more than seven years and the fighting spanned most of the country at one time or another, although the main conflict centered on the Carlist homelands of the Basque Country and Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia.

The " old laws " referred to are the fueros, the traditional laws of the Basque provinces, observed by the kings of Castille, and later Spain, until the Carlist Wars.

Among a few well known historic examples are the Scottish soldiers, who wore the blue bonnet in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Volontaires Cantabres, a French force raised in the Basque country in the 1740s to the 1760s, who also wore a blue beret, and the Carlist rebels, with their red berets, in 1830s Spain.

In 1833, Navarre and the whole Basque region in Spain became the chief stronghold of the Carlists, but recognized Isabella II as queen in 1839 after the First Carlist War.

The Cantonal Revolution spread throughout South-Eastern Spain, but it was not echoed in the traditionally nationalistic regions of Catalonia, Madrid, the Basque Country ( which were involved in the ongoing Third Carlist War ) and GaliciaThe federalist sentiment did not give rise to autonomous States, bursting into a constellation of independent cantons instead.

An even worse problem was the Third Carlist War, in which the rebels controlled most of the Basque Country, Navarre and Catalonia without opposition, and sent raid parties throughout the Peninsula.

The cry for fueros ( meaning regional autonomy ) was one of the demands of the Carlists of the 19th century, hence the strong support for Carlism from the Basque Country and ( especially in the First Carlist War ) in Catalonia and Aragón.

Sabino Arana, founder of the Basque Nationalist Party, came from a Carlist background.

In 1839 Espartero carefully opened up negotiations with Maroto and the principal Carlist chiefs of the Basque provinces.

Less than a year later, on 28 February 2001, it replaces Jaime Mayor Oreja, candidate for President of the Government of the Basque Country, as Interior Minister.

In February 2001 he was named Minister of the Interior, after Jaime Mayor Oreja decided to run as head of the People's Party list in the 2001 Basque Elections.

Negrín's government included Indalecio Prieto named minister of War, Navy and Air, Julián Zugazagoitia as minister of interior ( both socialists ), the communists Jesús Hernández as minister of education and Vicente Uribe as minister of agriculture, the republicans José Giral as foreign minister and Giner de los Rios as public works minister, the Basque Manuel Irujo as minister of justice and the Catalan Nationalist Jaime Ayguadé Miró as minister of labour.

While people are distracted with bulls let loose in the town during a fight, the famous Jaime Miró ( a member of the Basque terrorist group ETA ) sneaks into the Pamplona prison disguised as a priest and escapes with two of his fellow terrorists, Ricardo Mellado and Felix Carpio.

The next morning, the group tries to leave the small Basque town only to be caught by Colonel Acoca, who was tipped off by Amparo, whose sleeping pills wore off quicker than Jaime had thought.

* Jaime Miró, a famous terrorist and member of the Basque terrorist group ETA.

Jaime Ignacio del Burgo ( Pamplona, Spain 1942 ) is a Navarrese lawyer and deputy, a historian and opponent of the inclusion of Navarra in the autonomous Basque Country.

Jaime Mayor Oreja, ( born 12 July 1951 in San Sebastián ) is a Spanish politician who served as Interior Minister in the People's Party government of José María Aznar before resigning in February 2001 to stand for Basque President on 13 May 2001, a post he failed to win.

* 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Guernica ( or Gernika in Basque ), Spain is bombed by German Luftwaffe.

Abbadie gave his domain the name Abbadia, which is the name still used in Basque.

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

Basque ( endonym:, ) is the ancestral language of the Basque people, who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in northeastern Spain and southwestern France.

In academic discussions of the distribution of Basque in Spain and France, it is customary to refer to three ancient provinces in France and four Spanish provinces.

The Basque Autonomous Community is an administrative entity within the binational ethnographic Basque Country incorporating the traditional Spanish provinces of Biscay, Gipuzkoa, and Álava, which retain their existence as politico-administrative divisions.

Euskara Batua was created so that Basque language could be used — and easily understood by all Basque speakers — in formal situations ( education, mass media, literature ), and this is its main use nowadays.

In most areas of the Basque Country, the educational Model D, where all subjects are taught in Basque, except " Spanish language and literature " ( which is taught in Spanish ) is now the predominant model.

In Basque, the name of the language is officially Euskara ( alongside various dialect forms ).

The term Vascuence, derived from Latin vasconĭce, has acquired negative connotations over the centuries and is not well liked amongst Basque speakers generally.

Its use is documented at least as far back as the 14th century when a law passed in Huesca in 1349 stated that Item nuyl corridor nonsia usado que faga mercadería ninguna que compre nin venda entre ningunas personas, faulando en algaravia nin en abraych nin en basquenç: et qui lo fara pague por coto XXX sol — essentially penalizing the use of Arabic, Hebrew or Vascuence ( Basque ) with a fine of 30 sols.

Though geographically surrounded by Indo-European Romance languages, Basque is classified as a language isolate.

Little is known of its origins but it is likely that an early form of the Basque language was present in Western Europe before the arrival of the Indo-European languages to the area.

Some authors even argue that the language moved westward during Late Antiquity, after the fall of Rome, into the north part of Hispania in which Basque is spoken today.

All hypotheses on the origin of Basque are controversial, and the suggested evidence is not generally accepted by most linguists.

* Georgian: Linking Basque to Kartvelian languages is now widely discredited.

* Dené – Caucasian superfamily: Based on the possible Caucasian link, some linguists, for example John Bengtson and Merritt Ruhlen, have proposed including Basque in the Dené – Caucasian superfamily of languages, but this proposed superfamily includes languages from North America and Eurasia, and its existence is highly controversial.