Originally founded as a Viking settlement, it evolved into the Kingdom of Dublin and became the island's principal city following the Norman invasion.

Originally founded in 1929 as Associated Telephone Utilities, it went bankrupt in 1933 during the Great Depression, and reorganized as General Telephone in 1934.

Originally founded by Kool Keith, the group is composed of Ced Gee, TR Love, and Moe Love.

Originally founded in 1968, it now has over 25, 000 members, although some became members before board certification in Emergency Medicine was required.

Originally founded in what is now the archaeological site Ciudad Vieja, north of the present-day city, it was moved to the Valle de Las Hamacas or the Acelhuate Valley, named so due to the intense seismic activity that characterizes it.

Originally an outgrowth of Knight and Wilhelm's Milford Writers ' Conference, held at their home in Milford, Pennsylvania, USA, it was founded in 1968 by Robin Scott Wilson at Clarion State College in Pennsylvania.

Originally founded in 1899, RHM was acquired by Doughty Hanson in 2000 and listed on the London Stock Exchange in July 2005.

Originally founded in 1932 as a junior college by the Episcopal Church, the university became an independent institution in 1934, and has been awarding baccalaureate and master degrees since 1965.

Originally the football section of a multi-sports club, founded in 1894 nine years after the club's founding, all other sports than football were discontinued and the club became dedicated to football only.

Originally founded as a village in 1854 ( deeded by John Biddle to Eber Ward, et al.

Originally founded in 1902, it was incorporated as a city in 1988.

Originally named the Hershey Industrial School, the institution was founded and funded by chocolate industrialist Milton Snavely Hershey and his wife, Catherine Sweeney Hershey.

Originally the area to the east of the palace consisted of gardens and forests, some of which remain, but the Institute of Technology ( founded in 1825 ), Wildparkstadion, and residential areas have been built there.

Originally known as Ingle Mills, it was renamed by resident Tom Carroll for unknown reasons in honor of Nauvoo, Illinois, a city founded by Mormon prophet Joseph Smith in 1839.

Originally known as ' Maley ,' the town was founded in 1880 as a whistlestop on the Southern Pacific Railroad.

Originally known as Prospect Bluff, the town was founded in 1840 by Erastus Gregory.

Originally founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco, the name was changed to Concord within months.

Originally founded as Loftin, the city was incorporated as Ephesus in 1964.

Originally, the area of Churubusco was made up of two towns founded in the 19th century by European Americans: Union ( in honor of the union victory of the Civil War ) and Franklin ( in honor of the founding father, Benjamin Franklin ) that bordered each other across a railroad track.

Originally Milton Old Field, it was founded by in 1861.

Originally founded as a sawmill town around 1900, Bell City lies at the foothills of Crowley's Ridge on Missouri Route 91.

Originally founded as a part of Anoka Township in 1857, Coon Rapids became a separate village in 1952.

Originally founded in 1998, the school changed its name from The Darcy School after finding a permanent campus in Chatham Township in 2005.

Originally founded in 1884 as Badgerville, the name was changed in 1890 for Post Office purposes.

Originally picked due to the abnormal S-curve in the Hudson at this point, it was founded by one of the best military engineers of the time, Polish General Tadeusz Kościuszko.

Originally built as a priory with adjoining St Germans Priory Church parts of the house date back to the twelfth century.

* Suzie McNeil-29 years old, from Toronto, Ontario ( Originally from Mississauga, Ontario ) ( Eliminated twelfth, 9 / 14 / 2005 )

Originally exercised by a single person, the office of Lord High Admiral was from the 18th century onward almost invariably put " in commission " and exercised by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, who sat on the Board of Admiralty.

Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.

Originally simply a list of kings with reign lengths, the other details contained in the Poppleton Manuscript version were added from the tenth century onwards.

Originally from the city of Kozhikode, Kerala, India ( known by Europeans as Calicut in the 11th century ).

Originally ælf / elf and its plural ælfe were the masculine forms, while the corresponding feminine form ( first found in eighth century glosses ) was ælfen or elfen ( with a possible feminine plural-ælfa, found in dunælfa ) which became the Middle English elven, using the feminine suffix-en from the earlier-inn which derives from the Proto-Germanic *- innja ).

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.

Originally used on gut-strung instruments, the strength of the system allowed the guitar to withstand the additional tension of steel strings when this fortunate combination arose in the early 20th century.

Originally, " galvanization " was the administration of electric shocks ( in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday ).

Originally oriented to clerical and legal training, after the religious and political upheavals of the 17th century they recovered with a lecture-based curriculum that was able to embrace economics and science, offering a high quality liberal education to the sons of the nobility and gentry.

Originally the word was a colloquial name for a group of the harmless buriers of the dead during the Black Death, in the 14th century, known as Alexians, Alexian Brothers or Cellites.

Originally, they were not otherwise distinguished, as regnal numbering was not applied to popes until the 10th century.

Originally a Viking weapon, it was adopted by the Anglo-Saxons and Normans in the 11th century, spreading through Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Originally suggested in the 19th century, the hypothesis enjoyed wide acceptance among linguists into the mid 20th century.

Originally a product available to only the Italian upper classes, a cheaper form of balsamic vinegar became widely known and available around the world in the late 20th century.

Originally they were subdivisions of the royal administration, but from the 13th century A. D. they became self-governments of the nobles and kept this character until the 19th century when in turn they became modern local governments.

Originally the church of Sassanid Persia, the Church of the East declared itself independent of other churches in 424 and over the next century became affiliated with Nestorianism, a Christological doctrine advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428 to 431, which had been declared heretical in the Roman Empire.

Originally the agate carving industry around Idar and Oberstein was driven by local deposits that were mined in the 15th century.

Originally an eastern county of the kingdom of León, in the 11th century Castile became an independent realm with its capital at Burgos and later Valladolid.

Originally the duchy was called Sønderjylland ( Southern Jutland ) but in the late 14th century the name of the city Slesvig ( now Schleswig ) started to be used for the whole territory.

Originally a Brythonic settlement called * Durou ̯ ernon ( composed of the ancient British roots * duro-" stronghold ", * u ̯ erno-" alder tree "), it was renamed Durovernum Cantiacorum by the Roman conquerors in the 1st century AD.

Originally, buccaneer crews were larger, more apt to attack coastal cities, and more localized to the Caribbean than later pirate crews who sailed to the Indian Ocean on the Pirate Round in the late 17th century.

Originally called the " Hanover rat " by people wishing to link problems in 18th century England with the House of Hanover, it is not known for certain why the brown rat is named Rattus norvegicus ( Norwegian rat ), as it did not originate from Norway.