A French translation made by Yvonne Davet – with whom Orwell corresponded, commenting on her translation and providing explanatory notes – in 1938-39, was not published until five years after Orwell's death.

West has recorded over fifty audiobooks, among which are the Shakespeare plays All's Well That Ends Well, Coriolanus, Henry V, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Much Ado About Nothing and Richard II, the Wind on Fire trilogy by William Nicholson ( The Wind Singer, Slaves of the Mastery and Firesong ), the Arthur trilogy by Kevin Crossley-Holland ( The Seeing Stone, At the Crossing Places and King of the Middle March ), five books by Sebastian Faulks ( Charlotte Gray, Birdsong, The Girl at the Lion d ' Or, Human Traces and A Possible Life ), four by Michael Ridpath ( Trading Reality, Final Venture, Free to Trade, and The Marketmaker ), two by George Orwell ( Nineteen Eighty-Four and Homage to Catalonia ), two by Mary Wesley ( An Imaginative Experience and Part of the Furniture ), two by Robert Goddard ( Closed Circle and In Pale Battalions ) and several compilations of poetry ( Realms of Gold: Letters and Poems of John Keats, Bright Star, The Collected Works of Shelley, Seven Ages, Great Narrative Poems of the Romantic Age and A Shropshire Lad ).

However, Orwell may also have been influenced by Nazi Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, who once, in a debatably hyperbolic display of loyalty to Adolf Hitler, declared, " If the Führer wants it, two and two makes five!

Orwell spent five years from 1922 to 1927 as a police officer in the Indian Imperial Police force in Burma ( now Myanmar ).

After Orwell returned from Paris in December 1929, he used his parents ' house in Southwold as his base for the next five years.

After the boundary changes the county contained five parishes: Fossoway ( No. 1 on map ), Orwell ( 2 ), Kinross ( 3 ), Portmoak ( 4 ) and Cleish ( 5 ).

It includes the concept of two and two make five as a denial of truth by authority, a notion later used by George Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four

* Nineteen Eighty-Four ( full text ), by George Orwell.

Orwell notes that writers of modern prose tend not to write in concrete terms but use a " pretentious latinized style ," ( compare Anglish ) and he compares an original biblical text with a parody in " modern English " to show what he means.

The allusion is never explained in Orwell's text, but it is grimly ironic, since Orwell recollects his early boarding school experiences with unvarnished realism.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Category: Novels by George Orwell

In the society that Orwell describes, everyone is under complete surveillance by the authorities, mainly by telescreens.

* Animal Farm ( 1945 ) by George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair ( 25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 ), known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist.

He was also spending time with Eleanor Jacques, but her attachment to Dennis Collings remained an obstacle to his hopes of a more serious relationship. The pen-name " George Orwell " was inspired by the River Orwell

On 31 January 1936, Orwell set out by public transport and on foot, reaching Manchester via Coventry, Stafford, the Potteries and Macclesfield.

Orwell needed somewhere he could concentrate on writing his book, and once again help was provided by Aunt Nellie, who was living at Wallington, Hertfordshire in a very small sixteenth-century cottage called the " Stores ".

At the end of the year, concerned by Francisco Franco's Falangist uprising, ( supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ), Orwell decided to go to Spain to take part in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side.

Orwell had to spend some days in hospital with a poisoned hand and had most of his possessions stolen by the staff.

The subsequent campaign of lies and distortion carried out by the Communist press, in which the POUM was accused of collaborating with the fascists, had a dramatic effect on Orwell.

Orwell was declared " unfit for any kind of military service " by the Medical Board in June, but soon afterwards found an opportunity to become involved in war activities by joining the Home Guard.

In March the Orwells moved to St John's Wood in a 7th floor flat at Langford Court, while at Wallington Orwell was " digging for victory " by planting potatoes.

In August 1941, Orwell finally obtained " war work " when he was taken on full-time by the BBC's Eastern Service.

At the BBC, Orwell introduced Voice, a literary programme for his Indian broadcasts, and by now was leading an active social life with literary friends, particularly on the political left.

In 1945 or early 1946, while still living at Canonbury Square, Orwell wrote an article on " British Cookery ", complete with recipes, commissioned by the British Council.

By the end of July 1948 Orwell was able to return to Jura and by December he had finished the manuscript of Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Kirwan had just started working for a Foreign Office unit, the Information Research Department, set up by the Labour government to publish anti-communist propaganda, and Orwell gave her a list of people he considered to be unsuitable as IRD authors because of their pro-communist leanings.

Orwell was in decline and visited by an assortment of visitors including Muggeridge, Connolly, Lucian Freud, Stephen Spender, Evelyn Waugh, Paul Potts, Anthony Powell and his Eton tutor Anthony Gow.

However a later visit was made by Jack Harrison who claimed that Orwell gave him 25 % of the company.

Famous past players of the Wall game include Boris Johnson, who was Keeper of the College Wall, George Orwell and Harold Macmillan.

Laski claims that Part I is “ admirable propaganda for our ideas ” but that Part II falls short: “ But having, very ably, depicted a disease, Mr Orwell does what so many well-meaning people do: needing a remedy ( he knows it is socialism ), he offers an incantation instead.

While members with a training in scientific socialism have been surprised at the naïveté of the second part, they have found it valuable, as showing how much education they still have to do .." Orwell biographers Stansky & Abrahams noted: " But Gollancz and Laski, believing in a scientific rather than an emotional socialism, believing ( in 1937 ) that it was still possible to equip people to fight against war and Fascism, were caught in a time warp: history was leaving them behind.

The album's themes include sex (" Machine Gun ", " Bonfire "), voyeurism (" Hole in My Wall "), Orwell style (" April 2031 "), homicidal psychopathy (" Andy Warhol Was Right "), drug addiction (" All My Bridges Are Burning "), materialism (" Hollywood ( So Far, So Good )"), and lost relationships (" Bitter Pill ", " Let It Rain ").

In many of his essays and letters Orwell criticised words with formally precise definitions being used badly and the vague slide in meaning for many of these words.

This includes such words as " Orwellian " ( from George Orwell, referring to his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four ) and " Ballardesque " or " Ballardian " ( from J. G.

From these, Orwell identifies a " catalogue of swindles and perversions " which he classifies as " dying metaphors ", " operators or verbal false limbs ", " pretentious diction " and " meaningless words ".

Orwell himself was to note in Why I Write ( 1946 ) that " I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels with unhappy endings, full of detailed descriptions and arresting similes, and also full of purple passages in which my words were used partly for the sake of their sound.

George Orwell described such words at length in his essay " Politics and the English Language "

" Nevertheless, Orwell wrote " Both books use unprintable words, both are in some sense autobiographical, but that is all.

It continued to be advocated in the 20th century, notably by George Orwell, who advocated what he saw as simple Saxon words over complex Latin or Greek ones, and the idea continues to have advocates today ( see David Cowley, How We'd Talk if the English had won in 1066 and other books ).

In his 1946 essay " Politics and the English Language ", George Orwell wrote: Bad writers – especially scientific, political, and sociological writers – are nearly always haunted by the notion that Latin or Greek words are grander than Saxon ones.

A contemporary of Orwell, the Australian composer Percy Grainger, wrote English with only Germanic words and called it " blue-eyed English ".

This theory was played out in George Orwell ’ s book, Animal Farm ; the pig leaders slowly eliminated words from the citizen ’ s vocabulary so that they were incapable of realizing what they were missing.

* Multi-cultural opposition and " Western hesitation ": accounts of many ethnicities fighting the Nazis and words of protest from George Orwell over the Western hesitation.