The ILP was linked to the POUM and so Orwell joined the POUM.

" Having witnessed the success of the anarcho-syndicalist communities, for example in Anarchist Catalonia, and the subsequent brutal suppression of the anarcho-syndicalists, anti-Stalin communist parties and revolutionaries by the Soviet Union-backed Communists, Orwell returned from Catalonia a staunch anti-Stalinist and joined the Independent Labour Party, his card being issued on 13 June 1938.

In his 1938 essay " Why I joined the Independent Labour Party ," published in the ILP-affiliated New Leader, Orwell wrote:

Although many English historians speak of King Edward's fleet as inferior in number to the French, it is certain that he sailed from the Orwell on 22 June with 200 sail, and that he was joined on the coast of Flanders by his admiral for the North Sea, Sir Robert Morley, with 50 more.

Soon after their marriage she joined Orwell when he went to fight in the Spanish Civil War, returning the following year after he was wounded in the throat by a sniper.

Nick Risby joined from Red Rose Radio in Preston, Tony Gillham came from Chiltern and BBC Bedfordshire, Dave Brown from Radio Tees, Rob Chandler from Radio Orwell and Adrian Finighan from Gwent Radio.

Once at the front, the initial group of twenty-five was sent to the front at Monte Oscuro, within sight of Zaragoza, some 12 miles to the south west, where they joined by a number of others who had arrived at the front a few weeks earlier, including Eric Blair, not yet using his pen name George Orwell ; an Australian, Harvey Buttonshaw ; US Revolutionary Workers League member Wolf Kupinski ; and Bob Williams, a Welshman married to a Spanish woman who joined up with his brother-in-law, Ramon.

Orwell had to spend some days in hospital with a poisoned hand and had most of his possessions stolen by the staff.

Orwell was on staff until early 1945, writing over 80 book reviews as well as the regular column " As I Please ".

Orwell left the Tribune staff in early 1945 to become a war correspondent for The Observer — he was replaced as literary editor by his friend Tosco Fyvel — but remained a regular contributor until March 1947.

In November 1943, Orwell was appointed literary editor at Tribune, where his assistant was his old friend Jon Kimche.

For the next four years Orwell mixed journalistic work – mainly for Tribune, The Observer and the Manchester Evening News, though he also contributed to many small-circulation political and literary magazines – with writing his best-known work, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which was published in 1949.

Orwell may have been the first to use the term cold war, in his essay, " You and the Atom Bomb ", published in Tribune, 19 October 1945.

Orwell was to have an affair with his secretary at Tribune which caused Eileen much distress, and others have been mooted.

On 1 September 1944, about the Warsaw Uprising, Orwell expressed in Tribune his hostility against the influence of the alliance with the USSR over the allies: " Do remember that dishonesty and cowardice always have to be paid for.

Orwell in Tribune: ' As I Please ' and Other Writings.

In Tribune on March 12, 1937, Walter Greenwood calls Part I “ authentic and first rate ” but was more ambivalent towards Part II: “ Part II, Orwell has you with him one moment and provoked beyond endurance the next.

* September-George Orwell resigns from the BBC to become literary editor of Tribune.

Orwell chooses five specimen pieces of text, by Harold Laski (" five negatives in 53 words "), Lancelot Hogben ( mixed metaphors ), an essay on psychology in Politics (" simply meaningless "), a communist pamphlet (" an accumulation of stale phrases ") and a reader's letter in Tribune (" words and meaning have parted company ").

He also wrote an " As I Please " column in Tribune, emulating George Orwell.

At the end of World War II, English author and journalist George Orwell used cold war, as a general term, in his essay “ You and the Atomic Bomb ”, published October 19, 1945, in the British newspaper Tribune.

The only American review that Orwell himself saw, in the New York Herald Tribune Books, by Margaret Carson Hubbard, was unfavourable: " The ghastly vulgarity of the third-rate characters who endure the heat and talk and nausea of the glorious days of the British Raj, when fifteen lashes settled any native insolence, is such that they kill all interest in their doings.

The poet and novelist Vincent McHugh however, reviewing the novel for the New York Herald Tribune Books in 1936, declared it as having affinities with George Gissing, a writer Orwell greatly admired, and placed the novel in a particular tradition, that of Dickens and Gissing: " Mr Orwell too writes of a world crawling with poverty, a horrible dun flat terrain in which the abuses marked out by those earlier writers have been for the most part only deepened and consolidated.

Orwell in Tribune: ' As I Please ' and Other Writings.

* Prophecies of Fascism by George Orwell, Tribune, 12 July 1940 ( Review of the book )

Educated at Oxford University ( Balliol ) and the London College of Printing, Anderson was deputy editor of European Nuclear Disarmament Journal ( 1984 – 87 ), reviews editor of Tribune ( 1986 – 91 ), editor of Tribune ( 1991 – 93 ), deputy editor of the New Statesman ( 1993 – 96 ), co-author with Nyta Mann of Safety First: The Making of New Labour ( 1997 ) and editor of Orwell in Tribune: ' As I Please ' and Other Writings ( 2006 ).

A lifetime leftist, he served from 1971 to 1984 as the Literary Editor of the socialist weekly Tribune ( a position once held by George Orwell ), where he regularly reviewed science fiction despite the continued refusal of the literary world to take it seriously.

" Then, during the course of World War II, George Orwell used the term in the essay “ You and the Atomic Bomb ” published October 19, 1945, in the British newspaper Tribune.

Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture, Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism.

At the BBC, Orwell introduced Voice, a literary programme for his Indian broadcasts, and by now was leading an active social life with literary friends, particularly on the political left.

Orwell returned to London in late 1946 and picked up his literary journalism again.

Throughout his life Orwell continually supported himself as a book reviewer, writing works so long and sophisticated they have had an influence on literary criticism.

Orwell was noted for very close and enduring friendships with a few friends, but these were generally people with a similar background or with a similar level of literary ability.

More concerned with the literary nature of Orwell ’ s work, he sought explanations for Orwell's character and treated his first-person writings as autobiographical.

George Orwell and Evelyn Waugh lived in Canonbury Square each quite early in their literary careers.

Many significant figures from the arts and literary worlds have lived on the square, including George Orwell, Evelyn Waugh and Samuel Phelps.

On the communist role in Spain, Hobsbawm writes simply that " its pros and cons continue to be discussed in the political and historical literature ", and refers to Orwell, not by his literary name, but as " an upper-class Englishman called Eric Blair ".

" Shooting an Elephant " is an essay by George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine New Writing in the autumn of 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948.

Orwell makes it clear that he has " not been considering the literary use of language, but merely language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing thought.

From the time of his wife's death in March 1945 Orwell had maintained a high work rate, producing some 130 literary contributions, many of them lengthy.

Animal Farm had been published in August 1945 and Orwell was experiencing a time of critical and commercial literary success.

It was as a result of these responses that Orwell renewed his friendship with Connolly, which was to give him useful literary connections, a positive evaluation in Enemies of Promise and an outlet on Horizon.

Orwell first met her when she worked as an assistant for Cyril Connolly, a friend of his from Eton College, at the literary magazine Horizon.

Together with David Astor and Richard Rees, Orwell's literary executor, she established the George Orwell Archive at University College London, which opened in 1960.

George Orwell was hired in 1943 as literary editor.

MacInnes's Cold War writing, in particular, through the images that hide the grim reality of betrayal, is a literary extension of George Orwell.

A Hanging ( 1931 ) is a short essay written by George Orwell, first published in August 1931 in the British literary magazine The Adelphi.