In the essay section of his novel 1985, Anthony Burgess states that Orwell got the idea for Big Brother from advertising billboards for educational correspondence courses from a company called Bennett's, current during World War II.

The Thought Police of Orwell and their pursuit of thoughtcrime were based on the methods used by the totalitarian states and ideologies of the 20th century.

Orwell clearly states his displeasure with colonial Britain: " I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing ...

However, Orwell states: " It will never be possible to get a completely accurate and unbiased account of the Barcelona fighting, because the necessary records do not exist.

Not wishing to commit himself until he'd seen the situation in situ, Orwell instead used his Independent Labour Party contacts to get a letter of introduction to John McNair in Barcelona.

Throughout his life Orwell continually supported himself as a book reviewer, writing works so long and sophisticated they have had an influence on literary criticism.

Fyvel wrote about Orwell: " His crucial experience ... was his struggle to turn himself into a writer, one which led through long periods of poverty, failure and humiliation, and about which he has written almost nothing directly.

Connolly remarked of him as a schoolboy, " The remarkable thing about Orwell was that alone among the boys he was an intellectual and not a parrot for he thought for himself ".

Orwell was very lonely after Eileen's death, and desperate for a wife, both as companion for himself and as mother for Richard.

When he complained, Orwell hit him a crack across the legs with a shooting stick and Heppenstall then had to defend himself with a chair.

As Orwell himself documented, a great deal of evidence was reliably knowable even before 1939, but Hobsbawm pleads that much of it was not reliably knowable until Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956.

Orwell himself is suspicious of technological progress for its own sake and thinks it inevitably leads to softness and decadence.

The essay describes the experience of the English narrator, possibly Orwell himself, called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma.

In his biography of Orwell, George Orwell: A Life, Bernard Crick cast doubt on the idea that Orwell himself actually shot an elephant.

John Rodden claims, given that much of Orwell's work was polemical, he sometimes violated these rules and Orwell himself concedes he has no doubt violated some of them in the very essay in which they were included.

Orwell himself was to note in Why I Write ( 1946 ) that " I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels with unhappy endings, full of detailed descriptions and arresting similes, and also full of purple passages in which my words were used partly for the sake of their sound.

The only American review that Orwell himself saw, in the New York Herald Tribune Books, by Margaret Carson Hubbard, was unfavourable: " The ghastly vulgarity of the third-rate characters who endure the heat and talk and nausea of the glorious days of the British Raj, when fifteen lashes settled any native insolence, is such that they kill all interest in their doings.

In a letter to Brenda Salkeld, Orwell himself disowned it as ' tripe ', " except for chap 3, part 1, which I am pleased with ..." and prevented it being reprinted during his lifetime.

For instance, writer George Orwell, an Old Etonian himself, wrote in his famous autobiographical essay ' Such, Such Were the Joys ' that:

* The bleak, dystopian feel of the action taking place in 1984 alludes to the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, to Bowie's own dystopian song of the same name, and to Bowie's reinvention of himself as a mainstream entertainer during the Reagan and Thatcher era.

It appears that this was a preface for his book Animal Farm, but it is unclear if it had been deliberately suppressed or if Orwell himself chose not to publish it.

George Orwell began his Reflections on Gandhi: " Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent …" Orwell concluded his essay with an attack on the idea of sainthood but praise for Gandhi: " One may feel, as I do, a sort of aesthetic distaste for Gandhi, one may reject the claims of sainthood made on his behalf ( he never made any such claim himself, by the way ), one may also reject sainthood as an ideal and therefore feel that Gandhi's basic aims were anti-human and reactionary: but regarded simply as a politician, and compared with the other leading political figures of our time, how clean a smell he has managed to leave behind!

; December 30: George Orwell enlists himself in a Republican P. O. U. M.

According to the essay, the main lesson that Orwell took away from St Cyprian's was that, for a " weak " and " inferior " person such as himself, " to survive, or at least to preserve any kind of independence, was essentially criminal, since it meant breaking rules which you yourself recognized ," and that he lived in a world " where it was not possible him to be good.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

In the society that Orwell describes, everyone is under complete surveillance by the authorities, mainly by telescreens.

David Janssen ( March 27, 1931 – February 13, 1980 ) was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive ( 1963 – 1967 ), the starring role in the 1950s hit detective series Richard Diamond, Private Detective ( 1957 – 60 ), and as Harry Orwell on Harry O.

Orwell ’ s description of political speech is extremely similar to the contemporary definition of doublespeak ;

According to him, the ' Committee's use of Orwell is both confused and confusing '.

George Orwell wrote in 1944 that " the word ' Fascism ' is almost entirely meaningless ... almost any English person would accept ' bully ' as a synonym for ' Fascist '".

He finally adopted the nom de plume George Orwell because, as he told Eleanor Jacques, " It is a good round English name.

A former warehouse in Wigan Pier is named after Orwell

Study aids, in particular with potted biographies, might be seen to help propagate the Orwell myth so that as an embodiment of human values he is presented as a " trustworthy guide ", while examination questions sometimes suggest a " right ways of answering " in line with the myth.

' " For Democratic Socialism " is vaporised, just like Winston Smith did it at the Ministry of Truth, and that ’ s very much what happened at the beginning of the McCarthy era and just continued, Orwell being selectively quoted.

Moreover, Orwell expressed some scepticism about religion: " It seems rather mean to go to HC Communion when one doesn't believe, but I have passed myself off for pious & there is nothing for it but to keep up with the deception.

In their 1972 study, The Unknown Orwell, the writers Peter Stansky and William Abrahams note that at Eton Blair displayed a " sceptical attitude " to Christian belief, and that: " Shaw's preface to his recently published Androcles and the Lion in which an account of the gospels is set forth, very different in tone from what one would be likely to hear from an Anglican clergyman " was " much more to Blair's own taste.

In Part 2 of The Road to Wigan Pier, published by the Left Book Club, Orwell stated: " a real Socialist is one who wishes – not merely conceives it as desirable, but actively wishes – to see tyranny overthrown.

On anarchism, Orwell wrote in The Road to Wigan Pier: " I worked out an anarchistic theory that all government is evil, that the punishment always does more harm than the crime and the people can be trusted to behave decently if you will only let them alone.

is: George Orwell

" This quote illustrates Orwell ’ s understanding of how the past can influence both ideology and politics, offers a counterpoint as to why protecting the scholarly practice of history is important, and describes the extreme effects of state-sponsored censorship.

Though the term " retcon " did not yet exist when George Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four, the totalitarian regime depicted in that book is involved in a constant, large-scale retconning of past records.

** The novel Animal Farm by George Orwell is first published by Fredric Warburg in London.

Keep the Aspidistra Flying, first published 1936, is a socially critical novel by George Orwell.

However, K. Čapek is comparable with Aldous Huxley and George Orwell as a speculative fiction writer, distinguishing his work from genre-specific hard science fiction.

Down and Out in Paris and London is the first full-length work by the English author George Orwell ( Eric Blair ), published in 1933.

The town of Orwell is officially designated as " dry ".

Room 101 is a place introduced in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell.

In the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, thoughtcrime is the criminal act of holding unspoken beliefs or doubts that oppose or question the ruling party.

It seems unlikely that Orwell would have approved of many of the uses to which his pseudonym is applied.