Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Mr. Philip Toynbee affirms at one point that if he shared the anticipations of Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four, if he believed Communism was not only evil but `` also irredeemably evil '', then he might `` think it right to do anything rather than to take the risk of a communist world.

He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair ( later to become George Orwell ) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who couldn ’ t keep discipline.

A prominent critic was George Orwell, who frequently referred to him in his essays and diaries as " A Catholic Apologist " and accused him of being " silly-clever ", in line with his criticisms of G. K. Chesterton, Hilaire Belloc, Ronald Knox and Wyndham-Lewis.

The case was Estate of Orwell v. CBS, 00-c-5034 ( ND Ill ).

On the eve of trial, the case settled worldwide to the parties ' " mutual satisfaction "; the amount that CBS paid to the Orwell Estate was not disclosed.

From 1942 to 1944 George Orwell was a proponent of Basic English, but in 1945 he became critical of universal languages.

David Janssen ( March 27, 1931 – February 13, 1980 ) was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive ( 1963 – 1967 ), the starring role in the 1950s hit detective series Richard Diamond, Private Detective ( 1957 – 60 ), and as Harry Orwell on Harry O.

Eric Arthur Blair ( 25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 ), known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist.

Wellington was " beastly ", Orwell told his childhood friend Jacintha Buddicom, but he said he was " interested and happy " at Eton.

A colleague, Roger Beadon, recalled ( in a 1969 recording for the BBC ) that Orwell was fast to learn the language and that before he left Burma, " was able to speak fluently with Burmese priests in ' very high-flown Burmese.

He was also spending time with Eleanor Jacques, but her attachment to Dennis Collings remained an obstacle to his hopes of a more serious relationship. The pen-name " George Orwell " was inspired by the River Orwell

" Down and Out in Paris and London was published on 9 January 1933, as Orwell continued to work on Burmese Days.

In June, Burmese Days was published and Cyril Connolly's review in the New Statesman prompted Orwell to re-establish contact with his old friend.

The relationship was sometimes awkward and Orwell and Heppenstall even came to blows, though they remained friends and later worked together on BBC broadcasts.

Orwell was now working on Keep the Aspidistra Flying, and also tried unsuccessfully to write a serial for the News Chronicle.

Gollancz feared the second half would offend readers and added a disculpatory preface to the book while Orwell was in Spain.

Orwell needed somewhere he could concentrate on writing his book, and once again help was provided by Aunt Nellie, who was living at Wallington, Hertfordshire in a very small sixteenth-century cottage called the " Stores ".

The ILP was linked to the POUM and so Orwell joined the POUM.

Orwell credited it with giving a considerably accurate prediction of the rise of Fascism.

Although able to charge high fees for better-off parents, the Wilkes supported traditional families on lower incomes, particularly in the colonial service, by taking their children at considerably reduced fees, and Orwell was one of several beneficiaries, who also included Cyril Connolly Alaric Jacob and Walter Christie.

Orwell suggested that cheap newspapers were no more than a vehicle for advertising and anti-leftist propaganda, and predicted the world might soon see free newspapers which would drive legitimate dailies out of business.

Unlike many on the left, instead of abandoning socialism once he discovered the full horror of Stalinist rule in the Soviet Union, Orwell abandoned the Soviet Union and instead remained a socialist — indeed he became more committed to the socialist cause than ever.

On anarchism, Orwell wrote in The Road to Wigan Pier: " I worked out an anarchistic theory that all government is evil, that the punishment always does more harm than the crime and the people can be trusted to behave decently if you will only let them alone.

The British intelligence group Special Branch maintained a file on Orwell for more than 20 years of his life.

He does not make a convincing middle-aged, overweight, suburban-dwelling, low-brow insurance salesman, and the book is at its best when Orwell is ' out-of-character ', speaking in a voice which is recognisably his rather than an imitation of ' Fatty ' Bowling's.

Yet, writing to Jack Common in April 1936 about setting up shop, " Orwell sounds hard put to find £ 20 in order to stock his shelves, rather than like a man who had received £ 500 a couple of months earlier.

Gollancz published the work under the Left Book Club which gave Orwell a far higher circulation than his previous works.

While members with a training in scientific socialism have been surprised at the naïveté of the second part, they have found it valuable, as showing how much education they still have to do .." Orwell biographers Stansky & Abrahams noted: " But Gollancz and Laski, believing in a scientific rather than an emotional socialism, believing ( in 1937 ) that it was still possible to equip people to fight against war and Fascism, were caught in a time warp: history was leaving them behind.

He also mentions that " a traveller will hardly understand me, especially a seaman, when I speak of the River Stour and the River Orwell at Harwich, for they know them by no other names than those of Maningtre-Water, and Ipswich-Water ".

Involved with hard, dangerous and health-threatening employment, the unionised and self-supporting pit-village communities in Britain have been home to more pervasive class barriers than has been the case in other industries ( for an example, see chapter two of The Road to Wigan Pier by George Orwell.

" Orwell believed that, because this writing was intended to hide the truth rather than express it, the language used was necessarily vague or meaningless.

In a letter to George Woodcock on 28 September 1946, Orwell noted that there were two or three books he was ashamed of and called A Clergyman's Daughter an even worse one than Keep the Aspidistra Flying and said " it was written simply as an exercise and I oughtn't to have published it, but I was desperate for money ".

Room 101 is a BBC comedy television series based on the radio series of the same name, in which celebrities are invited to discuss their pet hates and persuade the host to consign them to a fate worse than death in Room 101, named after the torture room in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, which is itself named after a meeting room in the BBC Broadcasting House where Orwell would sit through tedious meetings.

For example, George Orwell believed that " in all countries the poor are more national than the rich.

George Orwell echoed Amery's sentiments when he said, " The way the British government is now behaving in India upsets me more than a military defeat.

In his 1946 essay " Politics and the English Language ", George Orwell wrote: Bad writers – especially scientific, political, and sociological writers – are nearly always haunted by the notion that Latin or Greek words are grander than Saxon ones.

St Cyprian's was, according to him, a " world of force and fraud and secrecy ," in which the young Orwell, a shy, sickly and unattractive boy surrounded by pupils from families much richer than his own, was " like a goldfish " thrown " into a tank full of pike.

British settlers now began to settle in large numbers in Burma, intermixing with the local Burmans ( Bamar ) and other local ethnic groups, and the Eurasian community grew larger, some say larger than the Anglo-Indian community in India ( see ' Finding George Orwell ' by Emma Larkin ).

At the end of the year, concerned by Francisco Franco's Falangist uprising, ( supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ), Orwell decided to go to Spain to take part in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side.

" Rodden refers to the essay " Why I Write ", in which Orwell refers to the Spanish Civil War as being his " watershed political experience ", saying " The Spanish War and other events in 1936 – 37, turned the scale.

In 1937 Orwell spent some months fighting in the Spanish Civil War.

They were particularly active in supporting the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, and around twenty-five members and sympathisers ( including George Orwell ) went to Spain to assist the Workers ' Party of Marxist Unification ( POUM ) as part of an ILP Contingent of volunteers.

In his essay " Looking Back on the Spanish War ", published in 1943 ( six years before the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four ,) Orwell wrote:

Soon after their marriage she joined Orwell when he went to fight in the Spanish Civil War, returning the following year after he was wounded in the throat by a sniper.

George Orwell ’ s biographer Gordon Bowker relates how English communist David Crook, an ostensible volunteer for the Republican side, was sent to Albacete where he was taught Spanish and also given a crash course in surveillance techniques by Ramón Mercader.

* George Orwell ( né Eric Blair ) ( 1903 – 1950 ) – author, journalist, Spanish Civil War loyalist

His break with Orwell came when he declined to publish Orwell's account of the Spanish Civil War Homage to Catalonia ; the pair having drifted apart on political grounds.

He attacked George Orwell, for Orwell's reporting of the machinations on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War.

Once at the front, the initial group of twenty-five was sent to the front at Monte Oscuro, within sight of Zaragoza, some 12 miles to the south west, where they joined by a number of others who had arrived at the front a few weeks earlier, including Eric Blair, not yet using his pen name George Orwell ; an Australian, Harvey Buttonshaw ; US Revolutionary Workers League member Wolf Kupinski ; and Bob Williams, a Welshman married to a Spanish woman who joined up with his brother-in-law, Ramon.

* Hall, Christopher ' Not Just Orwell ': The Independent Labour party Volunteers and the Spanish Civil War, Warren and Pell, Barcelona, 2009