The Polish American Congress ( PAC ) is a U. S. umbrella organization of Polish-Americans and Polish-American organizations.

The PAC incorporated the two former Polish umbrella organizations in the United States, the moderate Polish American Council founded in 1939 and the right-wing National Committee of Americans of Polish Descent founded in 1941.

The new organization published the PAC Bulletin to promote its Marxist ideology and ideas of liberation and decolonization.

A political action committee ( PAC ) is any organization in the United States that campaigns for or against political candidates, ballot initiatives or legislation.

At the federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $ 1, 000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election, according to the Federal Election Campaign Act.

At the state level, an organization becomes a PAC according to the state's election laws.

These organizations may accept funds from any individual, connected PAC, or organization.

On December 29, 2011 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Family PAC, an organization that describes itself as " the leading pro-family, anti-tax " PAC.

The Club for Growth is a politically conservative 527 organization active in the United States of America, with an agenda focused on taxation and other economic issues, and with an affiliated political action committee ( PAC ).

Although often thought of as a PAC, or Political Action Committee, it is actually a 527 organization.

The organization has endorsed Congresswoman Kathy Dahlkemper and Congressmen Jim Oberstar, Joe Donnelly, Steve Driehaus and many other pro-life Democrats for the 2010 midterm elections, and its PAC raised over $ 42, 000 in 2010.

In Illinois, Hull has been recognized by the Illinois General Assembly for his lifelong advocacy and dedication to protecting the rights of all women, and has been honored as a Lifetime Activist by Personal PAC, Illinois ' largest and most influential pro-choice organization.

For example: December 29th, 2011 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Family PAC, an organization that describes itself as " the leading pro-family, anti-tax " PAC.

Traditionally, the PAC National President has also been the president of the largest Polish American fraternal organization, the Polish National Alliance ( PNA ).

NDN is a 501 ( c )( 4 ) membership organization that functions in conjunction with its two subsidiary organizations, the NDN Political Fund, a non-federal political organization ( 527 ), and NDN PAC, a federal political action committee.

FRI has contended that Cameron had already resigned from the organization in November 1982, citing correspondence from before his formal expulsion .< ref > In a letter published in the March 1983 edition of the APA Monitor, Cameron stated that his reasons for leaving included his opinion that the organization was becoming more of a " liberal PAC " than a professional society.

Republicans for Choice, an organization based in the Washington, D. C. area ( Headquarters: 205 South Whiting Street, Suite 260, Alexandria, VA 22304 ) is a political action committee ( PAC ) composed of members of the United States Republican Party who support legalized abortion.

Perry had endorsements from virtually the entire Texas GOP Congressional delegation ( all but two members ), every other Republican statewide officeholder ( except Strayhorn and judicial officeholders ; the latter by law cannot endorse political candidates ), 51 of the 62 members of the Texas Republican Party executive committee, and nearly every major Texas pro-business, fiscal conservative, and social conservative organization and PAC.

It also has a sister organization, Coalitions for America, which, as a 501 ( c )( 4 ), is permitted to lobby, and a political action committee, the Free Congress PAC, that is permitted to directly endorse and contribute to political candidates.

It is a 501 ( c )( 4 ) organization that maintains a 501 ( c )( 3 ) education fund, a state candidate PAC and a ballot measure PAC, with a combined annual budget of nearly $ 1 million.

If the PAC capacity is 2 < sup > M </ sup >, the PA output word must be truncated to M bits as shown in Figure 1.

PAC contributions were low, only around $ 75, 500, of the $ 1, 311, 869 He granted himself $ 200 for his campaign and received no federal funding.

< table cellspacing = 0 style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ;'>< tr >< td colspan =' 3 '>< div align =' center ' style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Top Contributors to Jon Porter ( R ) During the 2006 Election Cycle </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Rank </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Donor </ td ></ div >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Amount ( US Dollars )</ td ></ div ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 1 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> MGM Mirage </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 51, 200 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 2 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Station Casinos </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 40, 900 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 3 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> JA Tiberti Construction </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 36, 000 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 4 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Harrah's Entertainment </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 35, 225 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> 5 </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'> Focus Property Group </ div ></ td >< td >< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 9pt ;'>$ 17, 800 </ div ></ td ></ tr >< tr >< td colspan =' 3 '>< div style =' border-style: solid ; border-width: 1px ; background: white ; padding: 1px ; font-size: 8pt ;'> Source: The Center for Responsive Politics ' Note: Contributions are not from the organizations themselves, but are rather from the organization's PAC, employees or owners.

In 2010, Adelson donated $ 1 million to American Solutions for Winning the Future, a political action committee ( PAC ) supporting Republican former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich.

On October 3, 2008, arms notifications were sent to Congress concerning, amongst other things, the sale of 330 PAC III missiles, 4 missile batteries, radar sets, ground stations and other equipment valued up to $ 3. 1 billion USD, the upgrade of 4 E-2T aircraft to the Hawkeye 2000 standard and $ 334 million USD worth of spare parts for the ROCAF's F-16s, IDFs, F-5E / Fs and C-130s.

In addition, its corporate political action committee or PAC, called " United for Health ," spent an additional $ 1 million on lobbying activities in 2010.

It has been reported that Russo's PR firm tied to the founding of Move America Forward, Russo Marsh + Rogers, has been a financial beneficiary of Tea Party Express ' success: Zachary Roth at TPMmuckraker reported that in the period between July and November 2009, more than 75 % of the money spent by the PAC — or about $ 1 million out of $ 1. 3 million spent — went to Russo, Marsh or King Media Group, which has close ties to Russo.

On July 1, 2006, Hart made his One Pro Wrestling debut at Fight Club II in Yorkshire, England, and defeated PAC.

** PWG World Tag Team Championship ( 3 times ) – with Davey Richards ( 1 ), PAC ( 1 ), and Jack Evans ( 1 )

Although extremely busy, Franchi performed several more notable concerts: A week in February, 1977 at the new 3, 816-seat Sunrise Musical Theater in Ft. Lauderdale with Dana Valery and Pat Cooper ; at Cedar Gardens ( 1, 000 seat dinner show ) in Hamilton, NJ for a very enthusiastic audience ; in May in the Chicago area at the new Condesa Del Mar, Colombian Grand Ballroom theater ( 2, 000 seats ); and in August to the Saratoga NY PAC for concerts with Dana Valery & Pat Cooper for an audience of 4, 300.

# AT & T Federal PAC $ 3, 108, 200

The Chamber's PAC received a total of 76 donations from individual donors ($ 200 or more donation ) totaling $ 79, 852 in 2007-2008, or an average of three donations per month.

Composed of roughly 2, 600 delegates representing Polish and Polish-American organizations, the Congress created the PAC, defining its goal of a free Poland and underscoring its support for the US war effort against the Axis powers.

American Values super PAC, an Asian American group has claimed credit for the scrub shortly after the groups launch of an online viral ad condemning Hoekstra.

Delaware Valley Good Government Association ( Philadelphia ), San Franciscans for Good Government ( California ), Beaver PAC ( Wisconsin ), Cactus PAC ( Arizona ), and Icepac ( New York ) are examples of former AIPAC front groups.

In 2011, a Super PAC ( Political Action Committee ) was formed by Texas conservative groups to remove him and several other long-time incumbents from office .< ref >* Slater, Wayne.

According to Joina, the group had contacts with the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania ( BCM ( A )) and the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania ( PAC ) in neighbouring South Africa and MELS activists received political trainings from these groups.

Additionally, PAC and interest group spokespeople may not be representative of the public or the groups they claim to speak for, creating disenfranchisement of various ( often minority ) groups.

Photoactivatable adenylate cyclase ( PAC ) was discovered in E. gracilis and can be expressed in other organisms through genetic manipulation.

The springboard for Jagan's political career was the Political Affairs Committee ( PAC ), formed in 1946 as a discussion group.

After the PAC, Jagan's next major step was the founding of the People's Progressive Party ( PPP ) in January 1950.

Another popular cartridge was the Word Processor PAC which contained a version of the early word processor program Spellbinder.

A constant ROM fault in the wordprocessor PAC was a printer status switch setting for the printer, but most people learned about it and turned it off early in their power-on.

While the PAC proved to have little lasting organizational impact ( the group was suppressed a mere 11 months after its founding ), its policy of Africanism and acceptance of Maoism informed the black student uprisings of the mid and late 1970s which were led by the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania ( South Africa ) and Steve Biko.

Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers indicated that the PAC was not set up to support SOPA and PIPA, tweeting that the intent was to " engage on issues like net neutrality, bandwidth caps, UBB and VPPA.

After the 2006 midterm elections, IMP-PAC was merged into RLC-PAC, the Republican Leadership Council's PAC.

The result of the Citizens United and SpeechNow. org decisions was the rise in 2010 of a new type of political action committee, popularly dubbed the " super PAC ".

According to data from the Center for Responsive Politics, the top 100 individual super PAC donors in 2011 – 2012 made up just 3. 7 % of contributors, but accounted for more than 80 % of the total money raised, while less than 0. 5 % of the money given to “ the most active Super PACs ” was donated by publicly traded corporations.

The term " Super PAC ," was coined by reporter Eliza Newlin Carney, " the first to imbue term with its current meaning of ' political committees that may raise and spend unlimited money to independently support or oppose candidates.

'" According to Politico, Carney, a staff writer covering lobbying and influence for CQ Roll Call, " made the first identifiable, published reference to ' super PAC ' as it ’ s known today while working at National Journal, writing on June 26, 2010, of a group called Workers ’ Voices, that it was a kind of '" super PAC " that could become increasingly popular in the post-Citizens United world.

* Former Speaker Nancy Pelosi's ( D ) leadership PAC, Team Majority, was fined $ 21, 000 by federal election officials " for improperly accepting donations over federal limits.

The second legal front in the challenges to PAC spending was occurring largely at the state level, where states like Hawaii were attempting to defend the limitations they had imposed on giving to candidates.

It was generally agreed in the 2012 campaign that the formation of a super PAC and the acceptance of large contributions was legal.

Long term, at least one analyst has interpreted court decisions, and in particular Speechnow. org v. FEC, to mean super PAC spending was legal " as long as they're not in cahoots with campaigns ".

In 1985 the Michelotti PAC was presented, a one-off citycar prototype ( PAC = " Project Automotive Commuter ") based on the Daihatsu Cuore.

The pulmonary artery catheter ( PAC ), also known as the Swan-Ganz catheter, was introduced to clinical practice in 1970 and provides direct access to the right heart for thermodilution measurements.

The PAC was founded in 1955 by the presidents of Western Reserve University ( 1955-1967 ), Case Institute of Technology ( 1955-1970 ), John Carroll University ( 1955-1988 ) and the University of Detroit.

Unlike other conferences at that time, the PAC was designed to be controlled by the presidents of the institutions rather than the athletic directors.

iBiquity was previously using PAC ( also used at a higher bitrate in Sirius satellite radio, see Digital Audio Radio Service ), but in August 2003 a switch to HDC ( based-upon ACC ) was made to rectify these problems.