Greek epigram was actually much more diverse, as the Milan Papyrus now indicates.

The Edwin Smith Papyrus is regarded as a copy of several earlier works and was written c. 1600 BC.

Papyrus () is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt.

Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt ( at least as far back as the First Dynasty ), but it was also used throughout the Mediterranean region.

Papyrus was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the third millennium BC.

Papyrus had the advantage of being relatively cheap and easy to produce, but it was fragile and susceptible to both moisture and excessive dryness.

Papyrus was replaced in Europe by the cheaper, locally produced products parchment and vellum, of significantly higher durability in moist climates, though Henri Pirenne's connection of its disappearance with the Muslim overrunning of Egypt is contended.

Papyrus was documented as in use as late as the 12th century in the Byzantine Empire, but examples have survived.

Papyrus was made in several qualities and prices ; these are listed, with minor differences, both by Pliny and Isidore of Seville.

Another was composed in the period immediately following the death of Ramses III ( Papyrus Harris I ).

The Harris Papyrus which was found in a tomb at Medinet Habu also recalls Ramses III's battles with the Sea Peoples, declaring that the Peleset were " reduced to ashes.

However, if the ka was not properly prepared, this journey could be fraught with dangerous pitfalls and strange demons ; hence some of the earliest religious texts discovered, such as the Papyrus of Ani ( commonly known as The Book of the Dead ) and the Pyramid Texts were actually written as guides to help the deceased successfully navigate the duat.

The game, developed under the direction of David Kaemmer and Randy Cassidy, was published in 1998 by the Papyrus division of Sierra Entertainment.

Papyrus were aware that there would be difficulties for the novice even before the simulator was released.

Since the game was proprietary software, and there were no official tools or SDKs available from Papyrus, almost everything had to be worked out from scratch, the whole process taking about four years.

The execution was recorded in an Aramaic papyrus document ( Papyrus Brooklyn 13 ).

It has also been demonstrated through the Great Harris Papyrus, which states that a statue of the goddess was made alongside those of Ptah and their son, the god Nefertem, during the reign of Rameses III, and that it was commissioned for the gods of Memphis at the heart of the great temple.

Here, as Papyrus Wilbour notes in its wealth of taxation records and land assessments, the temple of Nephthys was a specific foundation by Ramesses II, located in close proximity to ( or within ) the precinct of the enclosure of Set.

To be certain, the House of Nephthys was one of fifty individual, land-owning temples delineated for this portion of the Middle Egyptian district in Papyrus Wilbour.

While Manetho names Necherophes and the Turin King List names Nebka as the first ruler of the Third dynasty, many Egyptologists now believe Djoser was first king of this dynasty, pointing out that the order in which some predecessors of Khufu are mentioned in the Papyrus Westcar suggests Nebka should be placed between Djoser and Huni, not before Djoser.

The Great Harris Papyrus or Papyrus Harris I, which was commissioned by his son and chosen successor Ramesses IV, chronicles this king's vast donations of land, gold statues and monumental construction to Egypt's various temples at Piramesse, Heliopolis, Memphis, Athribis, Hermopolis, This, Abydos, Coptos, El Kab and other cities in Nubia and Syria.

Papyrus itself was evidently costly, as there are many instances of its re-use in everyday documents, creating palimpsests.

Gresley was sure that steam could do the job equally well and with a decent fare-paying load behind the locomotive and so, following trials in 1935 with one of Gresley's A3 Pacifics No. 2750 Papyrus, which recorded a new maximum of and completed the journey in under four hours, the LNER authorised Gresley to produce a streamlined development of the A3.

Papyrus scrolls comprised the collection, and although codices were used after 300 BC, the Alexandrian Library is never documented as having switched to parchment, perhaps because of its strong links to the papyrus trade.

Papyrus is still used by communities living in the vicinity of swamps, to the extent that rural householders derive up to 75 % of their income from swamp goods.

Papyrus is also used to make roofs, ceilings, rope and fences.

Another argument made for the late dating of Thomas is based upon the fact that Saying 5 in the original Greek ( Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 654 ) seems to follow the vocabulary used in the gospel according to Luke (), and not the vocabulary used in the gospel according to Mark ().

Another saying that employs similar vocabulary to that used in Luke rather than Mark is Saying 31 in the original Greek ( Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1 ), where Luke 4: 23's term dektos ( acceptable ) is employed rather than's atimos ( without honor ).

The Egyptian Rhind papyrus of 1800BC gives the area of a circle as ( 64 / 81 ) < sup > 2 </ sup >, where is the diameter of the circle, and pi approximated to 256 / 81, a number that appears in the older Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, and used for volume approximations ( i. e. hekat ( volume unit )).

However, as the Kahun Papyrus shows, vulgar fractions were also used by scribes within their calculations.

* Papyrus collection room, originally collected by Drovetti and later used by Champollion during his studies for the decoding of the hieroglyphics.

These novels show the popular theme of prophesying used during the Old Kingdom-just like in the story of the Westcar Papyrus.

In 1903 a fragment of a third-century papyrus scroll that had been used for an official register was discovered ( Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 654, now British Museum Papyrus 1531 verso ) with further sayings.

Papyrus is relatively fragile, and though used all over the classical world has only survived when buried in the very dry conditions of Egypt, and even then is often in poor condition.

Papyrus has a life of at most a century or two in relatively moist Italian or Greek conditions ; only those works copied onto parchment, usually after the general conversion to Christianity, have survived, and by no means all of those.

Although it is attested to be a part of the rituals by a version of the Papyrus Jumilhac, in which it took Isis 12 days to reassemble the pieces, coinciding with the festival of ploughing.

* Tale of Two Brothers from the Egyptian Papyrus D ’ Orbiney by the scribe Ennana.

The only genuinely ancient items-Moscow Mathematical Papyrus and Story of Wenamun-had been contributed by Vladimir Golenishchev three years earlier.

Perhaps most intriguing in terms of the pre-Dynasty XX connections between temples of Set and nearby temples of his consort Nephthys is the evidence of Papyrus Bologna, which preserves a most irritable complaint lodged by one Pra ' em-hab, Prophet of the " House of Seth " in the now-lost town of Punodjem (" The Sweet Place ").

* " The Papyrus of Nephren-Ka " by Robert C. Culp

Grand Prix Legends ( nicknamed GPL ) is a computer racing simulator developed by Papyrus Design Group and published in 1998 by Sierra Entertainment.

The Papyrus Bologna records a complaint lodged by a prophet of the temple of Set in that town regarding undue taxation in his regard.

One aspect of ancient Egyptian funerary literature which often is mistaken for a codified ethic of Maat is Spell ( Chapter ) 125 of the Book of the Dead or Papyrus of Ani ( known to the ancient Egyptians as The Book of Going Forth by Day ).

Papyrus sedge ( and its close relatives ) has a very long history of use by humans, notably by the Ancient Egyptians — it is the source of papyrus paper, parts of it can be eaten, and the highly buoyant stems can be made into boats.

Wente describes the " Satirical Letter " found on the Papyrus Anastasi I of the Nineteenth Dynasty as an epistle which was commonly copied as a writing exercise by Egyptian schoolchildren on ceramic ostraca ( over eighty examples of which have been found so far by archaeologists ).

In 1874 he edited the celebrated medical papyrus ( Papyrus Ebers ) which he had discovered in Thebes ( translation by H. Joachim, 1890 ).

" He also says that the " Tulli Papyrus ", cited by von Däniken in one of his books, is likely cribbed from the Book of Ezekiel, and quoted Dr. Nolli ( through Dr. Walter Ramberg, Scientific Attache at the U. S. embassy in Rome ), then current Director of the Egyptian Section of the Vatican Museum, as " suspect that Tulli was taken in and that the papyrus is a fake.

In December 2009 Friederike Seyfried, the director of Berlin's Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection, presented to the Egyptians documents held by the museum regarding the discovery of the bust which include a protocol signed by the German excavator of the bust and the Egyptian Antiquities Service.