He was unable to send any more help to his allies on the Continent, and during the next few years many of them, left to resist French pressure unaided, surrendered to the inevitable and made their peace with Philip.

Philip was himself able to take undisputed control of most French territories of John of England, Otto's maternal uncle and ally.

The French army of 15, 000 men took ground exactly opposite in a similar formation, cavalry on the wings, infantry, including the townsmen ( milice des communes ) in the center, Philip with the cavalry reserve and the royal standard, the Oriflamme, in rear of the men on foot.

The classic French historiography often refers to Coalition troops three times more numerous than those of the King of France ( Philip Contamine is not of this opinion: " In front, his opponents did not have a clear numerical superiority ").

The battle closed with the celebrated stand of Reginald of Boulogne, a former vassal of King Philip, who formed a ring of seven hundred Brabançon pikemen, and not only defied every attack of the French cavalry, but himself made repeated charges or sorties with his small force of knights.

The English king did not find support among the French lords, who made Philip of Valois their king.

Thus the French crown passed from the House of Capet after the death of Charles IV to Philip VI of France of the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty,

An Augustinian, he had studied theology in Paris under St. Thomas of Aquinas to become one of the most authoritative thinkers of his time, and tutor to French king Philip IV the Fair, ( 1268-29 November 1314 ).

In December 1584, an alliance between Philip II and the French Catholic League at Joinville undermined the ability of Anjou's brother, Henry III of France, to counter Spanish domination of the Netherlands.

He was very active in furthering the accession of the French candidate for the throne of Spain, Philip V. Two years later, Vendôme having died in the interval, Alberoni was appointed consular agent for Parma at Philip's court, where he was the royal favourite, being raised at the same time to the dignity of count.

Charles II, having no direct heir, was succeeded by his great-nephew Philip V, a French prince, in 1700.

Henry's successor, Richard I " the Lion Heart " ( also known as " The absent king "), was preoccupied with foreign wars, taking part in the Third Crusade and defending his French territories against Philip II of France.

The reign of Philip II Augustus ( junior king 1179 – 1180, senior king 1180 – 1223 ) marked an important step in the history of French monarchy.

John Lackland, Richard's successor, refused to come to the French court for a trial against the Lusignans and, as Louis VI had done often to his rebellious vassals, Philip II confiscated John's possessions in France.

The papacy was moved to Avignon and all the contemporary popes were French, such as Philip IV's puppet Bertrand de Goth, Pope Clement V.

John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines.

John began to explore an alliance with the French king Philip II, freshly returned from the crusade.

John and Philip negotiated the May 1200 Treaty of Le Goulet ; by this treaty, Philip recognised John as the rightful heir to Richard in respect to his French possessions, temporarily abandoning the wider claims of his client, Arthur.

When John still refused to come, Philip declared John in breach of his feudal responsibilities, reassigned all of John's lands that fell under the French crown to Arthur – with the exception of Normandy, which he took back for himself – and began a fresh war against John.

A peace agreement was signed in which John returned Anjou to Philip and paid the French king compensation ; the truce was intended to last for six years.

On Friday, October 13, 1307 ( a date sometimes spuriously linked with the origin of the Friday the 13th superstition ) Philip ordered de Molay and scores of other French Templars to be simultaneously arrested.

During the economic collapse of the seventeenth century Spain had little coherent economic policy, but French mercantilist policies were imported by Philip V with some success.

From 1301 the upper Meuse roughly marked the western border of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of France, after Count Henry III of Bar had to receive the western part of the County of Bar ( Barrois mouvant ) as a French fief from the hands of King Philip IV.

Philip could not speak English, and so they spoke in a mixture of Spanish, French, and Latin.

Philip French of The Observer considered that while playing a representative of bureaucracy Le Mesurier " registered something ... complex.

Of Phone Booth, Ebert wrote that it is " Farrell's to win or lose, since he's onscreen most of the time, and he shows energy and intensity " while Philip French of The Observer simply says the actor " shines ".

Philip French, in his review for The Observer, wrote, " But is the joyless universe he ( Anderson ) presents any more convincing than the Pollyanna optimism of traditional sitcoms?

In The Observer, Philip French said, " The movie lacks conviction from implausible beginning to sentimental end.

" Writing in The Guardians sister paper, The Observer, Philip French noted that " this curiously muted film ends up making no contribution of its own and inviting damaging comparisons with the original, hyper-confident Thunderball ".

According to critic Philip French of The Observer ( UK ), this alternative title is misleading, " because the desperate hero eventually becomes himself a bicycle thief ".

" At school he wrote " pimply Dylan Thomas " poems, some of which he sent to Philip Toynbee, then lead reviewer at The Observer.

The novelist Philip Pullman has been particularly aggressive, calling the books " blatantly racist " and in an interview with The Observer, criticised the film adaptation of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by saying the books contained " a peevish blend of racist, misogynistic, and reactionary prejudice ".

As a foreign correspondent with The Observer, Philip then traveled to Tel Aviv, where he met Sally, who was a secretary for the American Embassy there.

Philip French of The Observer called the film " a gripping thriller " " directed by Joel Schumacher at his least mannered " and " produced with uncharacteristic restraint by the leading action movie producer, Jerry Bruckheimer.

Her Observer colleague Philip Hensher was more blunt, conceding that the novel was " very readable " but " ultimately it seems like a slick, overpoweringly saccharine and unfeeling exercise in sentiment and whimsy ".

Long-time Observer film critic Philip French wrote that Halliwell ' isn't a scholar, critic or cineaste, but rather a movie buff, a man who knows the credits of everything but the value of very little.

Philip French, in his review for The Observer, praised the film as " thoughtful, exciting and urgent ".

Antonio de Solís, Philip IV's official Chronicler of the Indies, described Montezuma customarily taking a chocolate beverage after meals, as part of a sumptuous daily ritual:

Leading contemporary composer Philip Glass described Low as " a work of genius " in 1992, when he used it as the basis for his Symphony No. 1 " Low "; subsequently, Glass used Bowie's next album as the basis for his 1996 Symphony No. 4 " Heroes ".

( Philip Glass also makes use of atonality, though his style is generally described as minimalist, usually thought of as another 20th century development.

Philip E. Devenish proposed what he described as " a nuanced view in which theodicy and cosmodicy are rendered complementary, rather than alternative concepts ".

As America's Founding Fathers shared a perfect horror at the concept of arbitrary courts of justice, such as those " of Philip in the Netherlands, in which life and property were daily confiscated without a jury, and which occasioned as much misery and a more rapid depopulation of the province ", they incorporated the right to trial by jury into the Bill of Rights, thereby restoring what soon-to-be United States Supreme Court Justice James Iredell described as that " noble palladium of liberty ", and protecting it from the reach of future legislators.

Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, Swedish explorer and war prisoner in Siberia, described Finno-Ugric, Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Caucasian languages as sharing common features by 1730.

In 1861, the decorative arts firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co .( later described by Nicholas Pevsner as the ' beginning of a new era in Western art ') was founded with Morris, Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown and Philip Webb as partners, together with Charles Faulkner and Peter Paul Marshall, the former of whom was a member of the Oxford Brotherhood, and the latter a friend of Brown and Rossetti.

Her father, King Philip, known as " le Bel " ( the Fair ) because of his good looks, was a strangely unemotional man ; contemporaries described him as " neither a man nor a beast, but a statue "; modern historians have noted that he " cultivated a reputation for Christian kingship and showed few weaknesses of the flesh ".

Blunden's love of cricket, celebrated in his book Cricket Country, is described by the biographer Philip Ziegler as fanatical.

Early historians described him as a military genius, but by the 20th century his tactical acumen was reconsidered ; Philip Haigh suspects that the earl largely owed some of his victories, such as the First Battle of St Albans, to being in the right place at the right time.

The situation depicted in the second and third part of the novel resembles the rebellion of the Lunar colony described in another science-fiction novel published in 1959, Time Out of Joint, by Philip K. Dick.

A quest for the Yeti is described in Philip Kerr's book Esau.

Philip believed the section prophesies Jesus ' crucifixion, which Philip described to the eunuch.

For instance, the svart-alfar are described as the " maggot-breed of Ymir ", a reference to the primeval giant of Norse myth, while the realm of Ragnarok, which in Garner's story is the home of the malevolent wizard Nastrond, is actually named after the Norse end-of-the-world myth. Philip 1981. p. 35.

Discussing the five chapters set in the mines, Philip described them as " the most sustained passage of good writing in the book ", relating that the " derangement of the senses consequent upon being underground and in the dark is skilfully conveyed ".

Modern historians have described Philip V as a man of " considerable intelligence and sensitivity ", and the " wisest and politically most apt " of Philip IV's three sons.

Philip laid down the principle that Joan, as a woman, could not inherit the throne of France, played heavily upon the fact that he was now the anointed king, and consolidated what some authors have described as his effective " usurpation " of power.

Although very long spears had been used since the dawn of organized warfare ( notably illustrated in art showing Sumerian and Minoan warriors and hunters ), the earliest recorded use of a pike-like weapon in the tactical method described above involved the Macedonian sarissa, used by the troops of Alexander the Great's father, Philip II of Macedon, and successive dynasties, which dominated warfare for several centuries in many countries.

Architect Philip Johnson described it as " the greatest building of our time ", while critic Calvin Tomkins, in The New Yorker, characterized it as " a fantastic dream ship of undulating form in a cloak of titanium ", its brilliantly reflective panels also reminiscent of fish scales.

Architect Philip Johnson described it as " the greatest building of our time ", while critic Calvin Tomkins, in The New Yorker, characterized it as " a fantastic dream ship of undulating form in a cloak of titanium ", its brilliantly reflective panels also reminiscent of fish scales.

They have been described by Michael Langone as " new age trainings " and by Philip Cushman as " mass marathon trainings ".

Philip is described as a disciple from the city of Bethsaida, and connects him to Andrew and Peter, who were from the same town.

Outwardly he maintained a bearing of rigid solemnity ; foreign visitors described Philip as being so impassive in public he resembled a statue, and he was said to have been seen to laugh only three times in the course of his entire public life.