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Philo of Alexandria reports that Caligula became ruthless after nearly dying of an illness in the eighth month of his reign in AD 37.
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Philo and Alexandria
* Philo of Alexandria ( 30 BC – 45 AD )
The Therapeutae, pagan ascetic hermits and loosely organized cenobitic communities described by the Hellenized Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria in the first century, were long established in the harsh environments by Lake Mareotis close to Alexandria, and in other less-accessible regions.
The contemporary sources, Philo of Alexandria and Seneca the Younger, describe an insane emperor who was self-absorbed, angry, killed on a whim, and who indulged in too much spending and sex.
Philo of Alexandria, Josephus and Seneca state that Caligula was insane, but describe this madness as a personality trait that came through experience.
* Philo of Alexandria, ( trans.
The Stoic modification of Heraclitus ' idea of the Logos was also influential on Jewish philosophers such as Philo of Alexandria, who connected it to " Wisdom personified "
It is probably too much to assume a direct connection with Philo of Alexandria in this particular.
" In addition to the Judeo-Roman or Judeo-Hellenic historians Artapanus, Eupolemus, Josephus, and Philo, a few non-Jewish historians including Hecataeus of Abdera ( quoted by Diodorus Siculus ), Alexander Polyhistor, Manetho, Apion, Chaeremon of Alexandria, Tacitus and Porphyry also make reference to him.
Moreover, in the first century A. D., the Greco-Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria — who was himself probably a practitioner of pankration — makes a statement that could be an allusion to preliminary contests in which an athlete would participate and then collect his strength before coming forward fresh in the major competition.
and is repeated with embellishments by Philo of Alexandria, Josephus
Philo of Alexandria, who relied extensively on the Septuagint, says that the number of scholars was chosen by selecting six scholars from each of the 12 tribes of Israel.
Philo of Byzantium and Hero of Alexandria knew of the principle that certain substances, notably air, expand and contract and described a demonstration in which a closed tube partially filled with air had its end in a container of water.
* Philo leads a Jewish delegation to Rome to protest the anti-Jewish conditions in Alexandria.
* Philo of Alexandria, Jewish philosopher ( b. 20 BC ) ( approximate date )
The first to attempt to formulate Jewish principles of faith was Philo of Alexandria.
Philo of Alexandria also listed them as addition ( πρόσθεσις ), subtraction ( ἀφαίρεσις ), transposition ( μετάθεσις ), and transmutation ( ἀλλοίωσις ).
On the other hand, Philo of Alexandria calls the child of a Jew and a non-Jew a nothos ( bastard ), regardless of whether the non-Jewish parent is the father or the mother.
The sources for Pilate's life are the four canonical gospels, Philo of Alexandria, Josephus, a brief mention by Tacitus, and an inscription known as the Pilate Stone, which confirms his historicity and establishes his title as prefect.
Philo witnessed and described the Alexandrian pogroms against Jews in Alexandria in 38 CE.
Philo of Alexandria
Very little is known about him as none of his works have survived, though he has been mentioned and discussed in detail by Photius ( in his Myriobiblion ) and Sextus Empiricus, and also to a lesser extent by Diogenes Laertius and Philo of Alexandria.
According to Philo of Alexandria, in the 1st century CE the monastic community of Therapeutae was located by the shores of this lake.
He courageously tried to avoid allegorizing, which had had a long history ever since Philo of Alexandria had interpreted the Pentateuch in an allegorical fashion that de-literalized and over-metaphorized ( into symbolic systems ) many passages of the ancient manuscripts of the Bible ( now and developingly a critical text itself ).
Philo and reports
Philo reports that upon reading the letters, Tiberius " wrote to Pilate with a host of reproaches and rebukes for his audacious violation of precedent and bade him at once take down the shields and have them transferred from the capital to Caesarea.
Philo and Caligula
In this context, Philo wrote that Caligula " regarded the Jews with most especial suspicion, as if they were the only persons who cherished wishes opposed to his ".
The history of Caligula's reign is extremely problematic as only two sources contemporary with Caligula have survived — the works of Philo and Seneca.
Nonetheless, these lost primary sources, along with the works of Seneca and Philo, were the basis of surviving secondary and tertiary histories on Caligula written by the next generations of historians.
Philo himself claims in his Embassy to Gaius to have been part of an embassy sent by the Alexandrian Jews to the Roman Emperor Caligula.
In Flaccus, Philo tells indirectly of his own life in Alexandria by describing how the situation of Jews in Alexandria changed after Gaius Caligula became the emperor of Rome.
Philo says Flaccus, the Roman governor over Alexandria, permitted a mob to erect statues of the Emperor Caius Caligula in Jewish synagogues of Alexandria, an unprecedented provocation.
Philo and became
There he may have heard the Christian philosopher Basilides and certainly became conversant with Hellenistic Middle Platonic philosophy and the culture of Hellenized Jews like the great Alexandrian Jewish allegorist and philosopher Philo.
The first few books about his upper-class amateur sleuth, Philo Vance ( who shared with Wright a love of aesthetics ), were so popular that Wright became wealthy for the first time in his life, and David Shavit's study of WWII POW reading habits revealed that Vance was one of the favorite detectives among officer POWs.
This has traditionally been taken to mean that he became an apostate from Judaism at an early age, a view which finds some support in his appearance as a character in two of Philo's philosophical dialogues, making arguments against divine providence which Philo attempts to refute.
Philo graduated from the Sidney Sussex College of Cambridge University and became a Research Fellow there.
In the 20th century, Philo broadened its range of activities as it became a training ground for essayist Randolph Bourne ( Class of 1912 ), poet A. Joyce Kilmer ( Class of 1908 ), and statesman V. K.
The Benson Murder Case is the first novel in the Philo Vance series of mystery novels by S. S. Van Dine, which became a best-seller.
Philo and after
His patristic commentaries align closely with Jewish tradition, and he indulges in allegorical and mystical subtleties after the manner of Philo and the Alexandrian school.
Philo describes a later, similar incident in which Pilate was chastened by Emperor Tiberius after antagonizing the Jews by setting up gold-coated shields in Herod's palace in Jerusalem.
Akiva's anthropology is based upon the principle that man was created בצלם, that is, not in the image of God — which would be בצלם אלהים — but after an image, after a primordial type ; or, philosophically speaking, after an Idea — what Philo calls in agreement with Judean theology, " the first heavenly man " ( see Adam ḳadmon ).
The creator of the show named him after electronic television pioneer Philo Farnsworth, giving him the same first name as University of California Philosophy professor Hubert Dreyfus, of whom writer and producer Eric Kaplan was a former student.
Shortly after this Good and Backbeat left the band and were replaced by Philo Cramer and Spit Stix.
At first, its acts (" plebiscites ") applied only to Plebeians, although after 339 BC, with the institution of laws by the first Plebeian dictator Q. Publilius Philo, these acts began to apply to both Plebeians and Patricians, with a senatorial veto of all measures approved by the council.
Two versions of how Philo was named are current: first, that its founder Cornelius Prather named it after his favorite female cousin ; second, that he named it for his former home at Philo, Illinois.
This nickname particularly stuck after William Pantycelyn wrote Llythyr Martha Philopur at y Parchedig Philo Evangelius eu hathro ( Martha Philopur's letter to the Reverend Philo Evangelius her teacher ) followed by Atteb Philo-Evangelius i Martha Philopur ( Philo-Evangelius's reply to Martha Philopur ).
* Hubert J. Farnsworth is a Professor character in the television series Futurama, named after Philo Farnsworth
Philo speaks of the numerous Jews resident in that country, a population that was likely increased by immigrants after the destruction of Jerusalem.
Philo was born before the beginning of the Christian era, and lived until long after the reputed death of Christ.
Any idea of one is often reconstructed from the much later Phoenician text by Philo of Byblos ( c. 64 – 141 AD ), after much Greek and Roman influence in the region.
The Academy persisted throughout the Hellenistic period as a skeptical school, until coming to an end after the death of Philo of Larissa in 83 BC.
Fassett Pennsylvania-This town is named after Jacob Sloat Fassett's grandfather, Philo Fassett.
Philo left a detailed description of the gears that powered its chain drive, the oldest known application of such a mechanism, and that placed bolt after bolt into its firing slot.
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