2, " Romani "), made them Referendaries of Favours, and after three years of service, Referendaries of Justice, enjoying the privileges of Referendaries and permitting one to assist in the signatures before the Pope, giving all a right to a portion in the papal palace and exempting them from the registration of favours as required by Pius IV ( Const., 98 ) with regard to matters pertaining to the Apostolic Chamber.

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work ; as a result, Pope Pius IV issued the Tridentine Creed in 1565 ; and Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus standardizing what since the 20th century has been called the Tridentine Mass ( from the city's Latin name Tridentum ), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate.

The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563.

This petition was complied with by Pope Pius IV, January 26, 1564, in the papal bull, Benedictus Deus, which enjoins strict obedience upon all Catholics and forbids, under pain of excommunication, all unauthorized interpretation, reserving this to the Pope alone and threatens the disobedient with " the indignation of Almighty God and of his blessed apostles, Peter and Paul.

Pius IV sent the decrees to Mary, Queen of Scots, with a letter dated June 13, 1564, requesting her to publish them in Scotland, but she dared not do it in the face of John Knox and the Reformation.

The Tridentine Creed was initially contained in the papal bull Iniunctum Nobis, issued by Pope Pius IV on November 13, 1565.

All of his works were placed on the Index of Prohibited Books by Pope Paul IV, and some of his works continued to be banned or viewed with caution in the later Index of Pope Pius IV.

Henry IV restored the charter granted to Gibraltar in 1310 and took two additional measures: the lands previously belonging to Algeciras ( destroyed in 1369 ) were granted to Gibraltar ; and the status of collegiate church was solicited from the pope Pius II and granted to the parish church of Saint Mary the Crowned (), now the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned, on the site of the old main Moorish Mosque.

* 1562 – Pope Pius IV reopens the Council of Trent for its third and final session.

The original publication of the Liber Pontificalis stopped with Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) or Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ), but it was later supplemented in a different style until Pope Eugene IV ( 1431 – 1447 ) and then Pope Pius II ( 1458 – 1464 ).

* 1499 – Pope Pius IV ( d. 1565 )

Pius IV ( 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565 ), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565.

On the death of Pope Paul IV, he was elected Pope Pius IV on 25 December 1559, and installed on 6 January 1560.

A portrait of Pope Pius IV

Its definitions and decrees were confirmed by a papal bull (" Benedictus Deus ") dated 26 January 1564 ; and, though they were received with certain limitations by France and Spain, the famous Creed of Pius IV, or Tridentine Creed, became an authoritative expression of the Catholic faith.

A conspiracy against Pius IV, headed by Benedetto Accolti the Younger, the son of a cardinal, was discovered and crushed in 1565.

Pius IV was a nepotist.

Katherine Rinne said in her book Waters of Rome that Pius IV also ordered public construction to improve water supply of the Rome city.

* Cardinals created by Pius IV

af: Pous Pius IV

Pius V ( pope 1566 – 1572 ), however, while sanctioning those which could show at least 200 years of existence, made the Roman obligatory in all other places.

Traditionalist Roman Catholic groups, congregations and clergymen, however, continue to support missionizing Jews according to traditional patterns, sometimes with success ( e. g., the Society of St. Pius X which has notable Jewish converts among its faithful, many of whom have become traditionalist priests ).

It is doubtful, however, whether he was using the term " conception " in the same sense in which it is used in the definition of Pope Pius IX.

Opponents of Harrison have argued that a phrase in Pope Pius XII's legislation " Cardinals who have been deposed or who have resigned, however, are barred and may not be reinstated even for the purpose of voting ", though it speaks of someone deposed or resigned from the cardinalate, not of someone who may have incurred automatic excommunication but has not been officially declared excommunicated, means that, even if someone is permitted to attend, that does not automatically translate into electability.

He was unable, however, to obtain the consent of Pope Pius IV to the marriage of the clergy, and in 1568 the concession of communion in both kinds to the laity was withdrawn.

Sixtus had, however, no appreciation of antiquities, which were employed as raw material to serve his urbanistic and Christianising programs: Trajan's Column and the Column of Marcus Aurelius ( at the time misidentified as the Column of Antoninus Pius ) were made to serve as pedestals for the statues of SS Peter and Paul ; the Minerva of the Capitol was converted into an emblem of Christian Rome ; the Septizonium of Septimius Severus was demolished for its building materials.

Aemilian received the titles of Pius, Felix and Pater Patriae, the tribunicia potestas, and was elevated to the rank of pontifex maximus ; however, he was not elevated to consulate ( possibly a hint of his non-senatorial birth ).

It stresses, however, that this was out of compassion for people in difficulties, and quite unconnected with his well-known conservative views, in spite of which he conducted a personal " Ostpolitik " of contacts with the Soviet embassy in favour of the Church in Eastern Europe, without informing Pius XII of these contacts.

Pope Pius II wrote a tract in 1453, five years before becoming Pope, to show that, though the Donation was a forgery, the Church owed its lands to Charlemagne and its powers of the keys to Peter ; he did not publish it, however.

In the following year there was a fresh rebellion, when the emperor Frederick was actually crowned king by the malcontents at Vienna-Neustadt ( 4 March 1459 ); Matthias however drove him out, and Pope Pius II intervened so as to leave Matthias free to engage in a projected crusade against the Ottomans, which subsequent political complications, however, rendered impossible.

Count Rossi was appointed Prime Minister of Rome, however as revenge the citizens of Rome assassinated the Prime Minister and rebelled against Pius ' government.

He was in this post in 1798 when he entered Italy, invaded the Vatican, organized the Roman republic, and took the pope Pius VI as prisoner back to Valence ( France ) where, after a torturous journey under Berthier's supervision, the pope died, dealing a major blow to the Vatican's political power which, however did not prove as ephemeral as that of the First Empire.

The most interesting sight is however the Golden Grotto, a Renaissance room where Pope Pius IX meditated before issuing the dogma of the Immaculate Conception.

On the morning of his appointment, however, a photograph emerged taken outside Dublin's Four Courts on the day a judge ruled that the Maze Prison escaper, James Pius Clarke, should not be extradited to the United Kingdom.

St. Odile was long considered the patron of Alsace, at least since before the 16th century ; however, this was made official in 1807 by pope Pius VII.

Under Antoninus Pius, however, oppressive taxation led to a revolt in 139, of the native Egyptians, which was suppressed only after several years of fighting.

De Bernis lost his influence under Pius VI, who was friendly to the Jesuits, to which he was hostile, reduced him almost to penury ; the court of Spain, however, mindful of the support he had given to their ambassador in obtaining the condemnation of the Jesuits, came to his relief with a handsome pension.

Throughout history, conclavists have almost exclusively been men ; however, during the papal conclave, 1939, Cardinal Pacelli ( who was elected Pope Pius XII ) was allowed to bring several German nuns, including Pascalina Lehnert, into " Cell No. 13 " as his conclavists.

While in a state of anathema he was foolhardy enough to celebrate mass, an act which got him excommunicated ; however Pope Pius II pardoned him.

Pope Telesphorus, Pope Hyginus, Pope Pius I, Pope Anicetus ( later transferred to the Catacomb of Callixtus ), Pope Victor I. Epigraphic evidence exists only for Linus, with the discovery of a burial slab marked " Linus " in 1615 ; however, the slab is broken such that it could have once read " Aquilinius " or " Anullinus ".

The outbreak of major revolutions in Europe during the late 1820s, however, caused the proportion of in pectore appointments to all cardinal appointments to rise dramatically: Pope Pius VIII created fourteen cardinals, but only six of them were ever published, whilst Pope Gregory XVI created as many as twenty-nine cardinals ( out of a total of eighty-one ) in pectore ( of which six were unpublished ).

Pope Pius IV, through Cardinal Granvelle, imposed silence upon both Baius and the Franciscans, without, however, rendering any doctrinal decision.

In Rome he obtained possession of St. Leonard's Church, which he afterwards exchanged for that of Sant ' Agnese in Agone, September 18, 1598, and later he secured for the institute the church of San Lorenzo in Lucina ( June 11, 1606 ) which was made over to him by a papal bull of Pope Paul V, which was, however, annulled by the bull " Susceptum " of Pope Pius X ( November 9, 1906 ).