Oersted's own earlier experiments were unimpressive, possibly because he had, like other experimenters, laid the conducting wire across the compass needle instead of parallel with it.

An example of Anomalous operation would be the use of Psi to manipulate a random number generator into giving out pre-selected results, or causing a compass needle to change its heading.

He observed the variations of a compass needle and found that larger deflections correlated with stronger auroral activity.

The relation between electric current, magnetic fields and physical forces was first noted by Hans Christian Ørsted who, in 1820, observed a compass needle was deflected from pointing North when a current flowed in an adjacent wire.

As he was setting up his materials, he noticed a compass needle deflected from magnetic north when the electric current from the battery he was using was switched on and off.

Mariners had noticed that lightning strikes had the ability to disturb a compass needle, but the link between lightning and electricity was not confirmed until Benjamin Franklin's proposed experiments in 1752.

One of the first to discover and publish a link between man-made electric current and magnetism was Romagnosi, who in 1802 noticed that connecting a wire across a voltaic pile deflected a nearby compass needle.

One of the most important discoveries relating to current was made accidentally by Hans Christian Ørsted in 1820, when, while preparing a lecture, he witnessed the current in a wire disturbing the needle of a magnetic compass.

The force on the compass needle did not direct it to or away from the current-carrying wire, but acted at right angles to it.

" The ancient Chinese scientist Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) was the first person to write of the magnetic needle compass and that it improved the accuracy of navigation by employing the astronomical concept of true north ( Dream Pool Essays, AD 1088 ), and by the 12th century the Chinese were known to use the lodestone compass for navigation.

An understanding of the relationship between electricity and magnetism began in 1819 with work by Hans Christian Oersted, a professor at the University of Copenhagen, who discovered more or less by accident that an electric current could influence a compass needle.

The true mariner's compass, using a pivoting needle in a dry box, was developed in Europe no later than 1300.

The Peltier electrometer, developed by Jean Charles Peltier, uses a form of magnetic compass to measure deflection by balancing the electrostatic force with a magnetic needle.

The deflection of a magnetic compass needle by current in a wire was first described by Hans Oersted in 1820.

Originally the instruments relied on the Earth's magnetic field to provide the restoring force for the compass needle ; these were called " tangent " galvanometers and had to be oriented before use.

Instead of a compass needle, it used tiny magnets attached to a small lightweight mirror, suspended by a thread ; the deflection of a beam of light greatly magnified the deflection due to small currents.

It works by using a compass needle to compare a magnetic field generated by the unknown current to the magnetic field of the Earth.

It gets its name from its operating principle, the tangent law of magnetism, which states that the tangent of the angle a compass needle makes is proportional to the ratio of the strengths of the two perpendicular magnetic fields.

To avoid errors due to parallax, a plane mirror is mounted below the compass needle.

In operation, the instrument is first rotated until the magnetic field of the Earth, indicated by the compass needle, is parallel with the plane of the coil.

The compass needle responds to the vector sum of the two fields, and deflects to an angle equal to the tangent of the ratio of the two fields.

The current supply wires have to be wound in a small helix, like a pig's tail, otherwise the field due to the wire will affect the compass needle and an incorrect reading will be obtained.

These two perpendicular magnetic fields add vectorially, and the compass needle points along the direction of their resultant, at an angle of:

The battery is then connected and the rheostat is adjusted until the compass needle deflects 45 degrees from the geomagnetic field, indicating that the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the coil is the same as that of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field.

Although the 14th-century European compass-card in box frame and dry pivot needle was adopted in China after its use was taken by Japanese pirates in the 16th century ( who had in turn learned of it from Europeans ), the Chinese design of the suspended dry compass persisted in use well into the 18th century.

The French scholar Pierre de Maricourt describes in his experimental study Epistola de magnete ( 1269 ) three different compass designs he has devised for the purpose of astronomical observation.

he appears to have remained in Majorca for a considerable time and to have become known to the people there as " lo jueu buscoler ", the map Jew, or " el jueu de les bruixoles ", the compass Jew.

The best-known figure on Cook's mission, Joseph Banks ,< ref > Extract from Lapérouse's journal: I here must witness my recognition of Sir Joseph Banks, who, having realised that Monsieur de Monneron could not find an inclining compass in London, wished to lend us those that had served the famous captain Cook.

Replica of a 32-point compass rose from a nautical chart by Jorge de Aguiar ( 1492 )

Astronomical compass ( 1269 )

In mathematics, Buffon's needle problem is a question first posed in the 18th century by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon:

The technique is explained at length in the classic book of French cuisine La bonne cuisine de Madame E. Saint-Ange, which details two techniques: surface larding, or " studding ", in which the lardons are threaded onto the surface, and interior larding, in which the lardons are left in a channel ( made with a larger-sized needle than is used for studding ) inside the meat.

") points, and the " local twitch response " to acupuncture's " de qi " (" needle sensation "), based on a 1977 paper by Melzack et al.

Point de Venise ( also Gros Point de Venise ) is a Venetian needle lace from the 17th century characterized by scrolling floral patterns with additional floral motifs worked in relief ( in contrast with the geometric designs of the earlier reticella ).

Point de France is a needle lace developed in the late 17th century.

Point de Gaze ( sometimes Point de Gauze ) is a needle lace from Belgium named for the gauze-like appearance of the mesh ground.

From its modest beginnings in the 14th-century principality of Moscow, Russia had become the largest state in the world by Peter's reign.

14th-century depiction of Averroes ( detail from Triunfo de Santo Tomás by Andrea da Firenze ), who addressed the omnipotence paradox in the 12th century

Teaching at Paris, in a late 14th-century Grandes Chroniques de France: the tonsure d students sit on the floor

* Dilbeek's local authority offices, also known as the de Viron Castle, was built in 1863 in Tudor-style on the ruins of a 14th-century fortification.

Seraphs surround the divine throne in this illustration from the Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry | Petites Heures de Jean de Berry, a 14th-century illuminated manuscript, commissioned by John, Duke of Berry.

In English this " of " disappeared during the 15th century: for example the grandson of Johannes de Stoke ( John of Stoke ) in a 14th-century document becomes " John Stoke ".

The Catalan Company of the East (, ), officially the Magnas Societas Catalanorum, sometimes called the Grand Company and widely known as the Catalan Company, was a free company of mercenaries founded by Roger de Flor in the early 14th-century.

Seraphim surround the divine throne in this illustration from the Petites Heures de Jean de Berry, a 14th-century illuminated manuscript.

The 14th-century English author John de Mandeville wrote an account of journeys in the East, but this was probably based on second-hand information and contains much apocryphal information.

The lai reached its highest level of development as a musical and poetic form in the work of Guillaume de Machaut ; 19 separate lais by this 14th-century ars nova composer survive, and they are among his most sophisticated and highly-developed secular compositions.

An illustration of Kerbogha besieging Antioch, from a 14th-century manuscript in the care of the Bibliothèque nationale de France

* Roger de Aswardby, 14th-century Master of University College, Oxford

The term is derived from the Latin prolatio, first used by Philippe de Vitry in describing Ars Nova, a musical style that came about in 14th-century France.

The 14th-century basilica of Santa Maria de la Seu stands on a rock above the oldest bridge. La Seu is the principal monument of Manresa.

An engraving in the early 14th-century French manuscript, Roman de Fauvel, shows a charivari underway.