Toward the end of her career, Plato chose roles that could be considered erotic or even softcore pornography.

According to Plato ( c. 427 BC ), Rhadamanthus, Aeacus and Minos were the judges of the dead and chose who went to Tartarus.

" Since the dialogue that was to bear his name was never written, we can only guess why Plato chose him.

Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.

: There Plato too I saw, and Socrates,

He even went so far as to decorate his schoolroom with visual elements he thought would inspire learning: paintings, books, comfortable furniture, and busts or portraits of Plato, Socrates, Jesus, and William Ellery Channing.

It is noteworthy that Socrates ( Plato, Phaedo, 98 B ) accuses Anaxagoras of failing to differentiate between nous and psyche, while Aristotle ( Metaphysics, Book I ) objects that his nous is merely a deus ex machina to which he refuses to attribute design and knowledge.

In the Gorgias written years later Plato has Socrates contemplating the possibility of himself on trial before the Athenians: he says he would be like a doctor prosecuted by a pastry chef before a jury of children.

In his dialogues ( e. g. Republic 399e, 592a ), Plato has Socrates utter, " by the dog " ( kai me ton kuna ), " by the dog of Egypt ", " by the dog, the god of the Egyptians " ( Gorgias, 482b ), for emphasis.

Inspired by the admonition of his mentor, Socrates, prior to his unjust execution that " the unexamined life is not worth living ", Plato and his student, the political scientist Aristotle, helped lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.

Consider the following sentences: " Socrates is a philosopher ", " Plato is a philosopher ".

Thus if a represents Socrates then Phil ( a ) asserts the first proposition, p ; if a instead represents Plato then Phil ( a ) asserts the second proposition, q.

The Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus was of the opinion that Julian believed himself to be Alexander the Great " in another body " via transmigration of souls, " in accordance with the teachings of Pythagoras and Plato ".

Like his philosophical forefathers, Socrates and Plato, Aristotle posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon, δικαίον φυσικόν, Latin ius naturale ).

In his dialogue Republic, Plato uses Socrates to argue for justice that covers both the just person and the just City State.

This view of myths and their origin is criticised by Plato in the Phaedrus ( 229d ), in which Socrates says that this approach is the province of one who is " vehemently curious and laborious, and not entirely happy.

In particular, the Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialectic and dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic method of Socrates.

Also in the Symposium, Plato describes how the experience of the Beautiful by Socrates enables him to resist the temptations of wealth and sex.

Against the conventionalism that the distinction between nature and custom could engender, Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon, δικαιον φυσικον, Latin ius naturale ).

* Plato: Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.

* Socrates: Widely considered the founder of Western political philosophy, via his spoken influence on Athenian contemporaries ; since Socrates never wrote anything, much of what we know about him and his teachings comes through his most famous student, Plato.

Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates all developed theories of public speaking in opposition to the Sophists, and their ideas took on institutional form through the development of permanent schools where public speaking was taught.

This doctrine is a central tenet of the Indian religions and is a belief that was held by such historic figures as Pythagoras, Plato and Socrates.

In Phaedo, Plato makes his teacher Socrates, prior to his death, state ; " I am confident that there truly is such a thing as living again, and that the living spring from the dead.

" However Xenophon does not mention Socrates as believing in reincarnation and Plato may have systematised Socrates ' thought with concepts he took directly from Pythagoreanism or Orphism.

His whole objection, indeed, seems to rise out of a deep conviction that the poets do have great power to influence, but Plato seldom pays any attention to what might be called the poem itself.

Consequently, Plato realized that a method for obtaining conclusions would be most beneficial.

In accordance with the Greek theorists, the Muslims considered Aristotle to be a dogmatic philosopher, the author of a closed system, and believed that Aristotle shared with Plato essential tenets of thought.

Agathon has been thought to be the subject of Lovers ' Lips, an epigram attributed to Plato:

Plato believed that for us to have a perception of beauty there must be a transcendent form for beauty in which beautiful objects partake and which causes them to be beautiful also.

Alan Cameron, however, argues that it should be interpreted as referring to Plato, and that when Proclus writes that " we must bear in mind concerning this whole feat of the Athenians, that it is neither a mere myth nor unadorned history, although some take it as history and others as myth ", he is treating " Crantor's view as mere personal opinion, nothing more ; in fact he first quotes and then dismisses it as representing one of the two unacceptable extremes ".

According to Plato, it is associated with the octahedron ; air is considered to be both hot and wet.

In refuting the beliefs of the gnostics, Irenaeus stated that " Plato is proved to be more religious than these men, for he allowed that the same God was both just and good, having power over all things, and himself executing judgment.

According to Plato, her mother vetoed both jobs, either fearing Plato would be typecast, or subjected to unsavory subject matter.

Plato wept while offering her gratitude, as well to a later caller who claimed to be a recovering addict, and told her that he believed everything she said.

Euclid ( c. 325-265 BC ), of Alexandria, probably a student of one of Plato ’ s students, wrote a treatise in 13 books ( chapters ), titled The Elements of Geometry, in which he presented geometry in an ideal axiomatic form, which came to be known as Euclidean geometry.

Plato argues against Heraclitus as follows: How can that be a real thing which is never in the same state?

In Plato one experienced unit is a state, or object existing, which can be observed.

Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense.

Besides Zarathushtra's Gathas, Plato gives the earliest surviving account of a " natural theology ", around 360 BC, in his dialogue " Timaeus " he states " Now the whole Heaven, or Cosmos, ... we must first investigate concerning it that primary question which has to be investigated at the outset in every case ,— namely, whether it has existed always, having no beginning of generation, or whether it has come into existence, having begun from some beginning ".

For example, a common realist argument, arguably found in Plato, is that universals are required for certain general words to have meaning and for the sentences in which they occur to be true or false.

Given that both A and not-A are seen to be “ true ,” Kant concludes that it ’ s not that “ God doesn ’ t exist ” but that there is something wrong with how we are asking questions about God and how we have been using our rational faculties to talk about universals ever since Plato got us started on this track!

Plato believed there to be a sharp distinction between the world of perceivable objects and the world of universals or forms: one can only have mere opinions about the former, but one can have knowledge about the latter.

For Plato it was not possible to have knowledge of anything that could change or was particular, since knowledge had to be forever unfailing and general.

The antecedents of Western politics can be traced back to the Socratic political philosophers, Plato ( 427 – 347 BC ), Xenophon ( c. 430 – 354 BC ), and Aristotle (" The Father of Political Science ") ( 384 – 322 BC ).