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Polish king John III Sobieski planned to restore Polish suzerainty over the Duchy of Prussia, and for this purpose concluded an alliance with France on 11 June 1675.
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Polish and king
As the great grandson of the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon, and as a Duke in Prussia who was fluent in Polish, Albert Frederick was seriously considered for a time as a possible candidate for the Polish throne.
After George Frederick's death in 1603, the Polish king Zygmunt Waza appointed Joachim Frederick as regent in 1605, and permitted his son, John Sigismund, to succeed him in 1611.
Auxiliary forces sent by duke Eric II of Pomerania, ally of the Polish king, did not enter the battle.
The Polish forces consisted of the mercenaries hired by the Polish king, Casimir IV the Jagiellon and the Hanseatic city of Danzig ( Gdańsk ).
These numbers include 1000 cavalry and 400 infantry were mercenaries hired by Polish king, the rest were units from Danzig.
* Casimir IV Jagiellon ( 1427 – 1492 ), Polish king
Casimir is the only Polish king who both received and kept the title of the Great in Polish history ( Bolesław I Chrobry is also called the Great, but his title Chrobry ( Valiant ) is now more common ).
" In Satira, he attacked Polish King Jogaila, calling him a " mad dog " unworthy to be king.
* 1294: Pomerelia was inherited by the future Polish king Przemysł II., and remained as part of Poland until –
The homage was renewed in 1633 after the election of a new Polish king, Władysław IV Waza.
The Bar Confederation of 1768 was a szlachta rebellion directed against Russia and the Polish king, fought to preserve Poland's independence and in support of szlachtas traditional causes.
The congress was organized by Polish king Bolesław Chrobry and Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, and also led to the establishment of bishoprics in Kraków and Wrocław, connecting the territories of the Polish state.
At the court of Zygmunt August, the last king of the Duchy, both Polish and Lithuanian were spoken.
* Władysław III of Poland and Lithuania ( 1424 – 1444 ), Polish name Władysław Warneńczyk, also king of Hungary, known posthumously as Vladislaus III of Varna
: This article is about a Polish king.
The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Polish forces spearheaded by the Polish king Jan at the
The Teutonic Knights retained eastern Prussia, but only under the overlordship of the Polish king.
In addition, a translators ' seminary was organized in Tartu and the city received its red and white flag from the Polish king Stephen Bathory.
Former Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński hoped to be elected king once again upon the death of his old adversary, Augustus II of Saxony, who had failed in his attempts to make the Polish crown hereditary within his family.
Polish and John
In 1930, Capone's sister Mafalda married John J. Maritote at St. Mary of Częstochowa, a massive Neogothic edifice towering over Cicero Avenue in the Polish Cathedral style.
The Polish infantry centre, under the personal command of King John Casimir, advanced slowly forward.
* Wigilia article from Pope John Paul II Polish Center
By September the Imperial forces under the Duke of Lorraine, together with a powerful Polish army under King John III Sobieski, were poised to strike the Sultan's army investing Vienna.
At the Battle of Vienna ( 1683 ), the Army of the Holy Roman Empire, led by the Polish King John III Sobieski, decisively defeated a large Turkish army, ending the western colonial Ottoman advance and leading to the eventual dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire in Europe.
In 1611, John Sigismund traveled from Köningsberg to Warsaw, where on 16 November 1611 he gave feudal homage to Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland ( the Duchy of Prussia was a Polish fief at the time ).
On May 2, 2008 Ağca asked to be awarded Polish citizenship as he wished to spend the final years of his life in Poland, Pope John Paul II's country of origin.
Prior to the election of the Polish cardinal Karol Wojtyla as Pope John Paul II in 1978, the last non-Italian was Pope Adrian VI of the Netherlands, elected in 1522.
Having influenced the Polish Brethren to a formal declaration of this belief in the Racovian Catechism, Fausto Sozzini involuntarily ended up giving his name to this Christological position, which continued with English Unitarians such as John Biddle's Twofold Catechism ( 1654 ).
On October 16, Karol Wojtyła, a Polish cardinal, was elected, becoming Pope John Paul II.
** John Kloza, Polish professional baseball player and manager ( d. 1962 )
* December 24 – John Cantius, Polish scholar and theologian ( b. 1390 )
* June 25 – John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop ( d. 1634 )
* December 29 – John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop ( b. 1612 )
John campaigned in Bohemia and was elected king by deposition of Henry of Carinthia, he thereby became one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and – in succession of Wenceslaus III – claimant to the Polish and Hungarian throne.
A rival of King Władysław I the Elbow-high to the Polish crown, John supported the Teutonic Knights in the Polish – Teutonic War from 1326 to 1332.
The son of King Casimir IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria, Sigismund followed his brothers John I of Poland and Alexander I of Poland to the Polish throne.
Early inventory included two B-25 Mitchells, one B-26 Invader ( piloted by Polish pilot Jan Zumbach, known also as John Brown ), a converted DC-3 and one Dove.
It was created in 1684 by Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius ( Jan Heweliusz ), who originally named it Scutum Sobiescianum ( Shield of Sobieski ) to commemorate the victory of the Polish forces led by King John III Sobieski ( Jan III Sobieski ) in the Battle of Vienna in 1683.
Pope John Paul II on 5 June 1991, during a visit to Białystok, announced the establishment of the Archdiocese of Białystok which ended the period of the temporary church administration of the portion of the Archdiocese of Vilnius that had, after World War II, remained within the Polish borders.
Following the abdication of King John II Casimir Vasa and the end of The Deluge, the Polish nobility elected Michał to the Polish throne.
Polish and III
Bishop Christian asked the new Pope Honorius III for the consent to start another Crusade, however a first campaign in 1217 proved a failure and even the joint efforts by Duke Konrad with the Polish High Duke Leszek I the White and Duke Henry I the Bearded of Silesia in 122 / 23 only led to the reconquest of Chełmno Land but did not stop the Prussian invasions.
Her actions promoted the reign of her husband: Upon the death of the Polish High Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks in 1231, Henry also became Duke of Greater Poland and the next year prevailed as High Duke at Kraków.
According to the Annales Cracovienses Compilati, this event took place in 1136 ; since it can be assumed that the Polish princess was younger than her betrothed, and also are known the birth dates of the youngest children of Bolesław III ( Agnes in 1137 and Casimir in 1138 ), Judith in consequence could have been born between 1130 and 1135.
His determined Prussian wife showed a strong dislike for this Swedish suitor, because Prussia was a Polish fief and the Polish King Sigismund III Vasa still resented his loss of Sweden to Gustavus Adolphus ' father Charles IX.
The position of the young prince, at the both Polish and Imperial courts, became stronger in 1013 when he married Richeza ( Ryksa ), daughter of Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia and niece of Emperor Otto III.
On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland ( also King of Hungary ) and János Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, which was the final battle of the Crusade of Varna.
Both the Polish and Teutonic sides agreed to seek the confirmation of the Second Peace of Thorn from Emperor Frederick III and Pope Paul II, but they also agreed that this confirmation would not be needed for validation of the treaty.
Gregory interfered little in European politics, beyond assisting Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Catholic League against the Protestants -- to the tune of a million gold ducats -- as well as Sigismund III Vasa, King of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, against the Ottoman Empire.
Two test launches were recovered by the Allies: the Bäckebo rocket which landed in Sweden on 13 June 1944 and one recovered by the Polish resistance on 30 May 1944 from Blizna and transported to the UK during Operation Most III.
One of the most important events in those times was the foundation of the Diocese of Wrocław by the Polish Duke ( from 1025 king ) Bolesław the Brave in 1000, which, together with the Bishoprics of Kraków and Kołobrzeg, was placed under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland, founded by Otto III in 1000.
* 1444: Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II defeats the Polish and Hungarian armies under Władysław III of Poland and János Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna.
* 1109: In the Battle of Nakło, Boleslaus III Wrymouth defeats the Pomeranians and re-establishes Polish access to the sea.
* October 5 – The election of Augustus III to succeed his father as King of Poland sparks the War of the Polish Succession.
In 1335 in Congress of Visegrád, Władysław's successor King Casimir III the Great of Poland paid a significant amount of money in exchange for John's giving up his claim to the Polish throne.
** Polish and Lithuanian nobles elect Sigismund III Vasa as their king.
* September 12 – Battle of Vienna: The Ottoman siege of the city is broken with the arrival of a force of 70, 000 Polish, Austrians and Germans under Polish-Lithuanian king Jan III Sobieski, whose cavalry turns their flank ( considered to be the turning point in the Ottoman Empire's fortunes ).
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