Casimir I the Restorer (; b. Kraków, 25 July 1016 – d. Poznań, 28 November 1058 ), was a Duke of Poland of the Piast dynasty and the de facto monarch of the entire country from 1034 until his death.

Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki (; between 1530 and 1540 – 31 October 1607 ) was a Polish nobleman, Bishop of Poznań ( 1601 – 1607 ), political thinker and philosopher best known for his book De optimo senatore ( 1568 ).

Henryk Zygalski (; 15 July 1908, Poznań – 30 August 1978, Liss ) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who worked at breaking German Enigma ciphers before and during World War II.

Krzysztof Grzymułtowski (; 1620 – 1687 ) was a Polish voivod of Poznań Voivodship, diplomat and member of Polish sejm.

Witold Jakóbczyk (; 1909 – 1986 ) was a Polish historian and professor at Poznań University, specializing in the history of Greater Poland in the 19th century.

Franciszek Dobrowolski (; 1830-1896 ) was a Polish theatre director, editor of Dziennik Poznański ( Poznań Daily ).

Gustaw Potworowski, count, (; June 3, 1800, Bielewo-November 23, 1860, Poznań ) was a Polish activist, founder of the Kasyno in Gostyń, activist of the Polish League ( Liga Polska ).

Marcin Dunin, archbishop of Poznań and Gniezno and Roman Catholic primate of Poland, was imprisoned by Prussian authorities for ten months in 1839-1840 ; after his release, he tried to organise a chaplaincy for the many Polish soldiers stationed in the city.

Perhaps at that time the Varangian warriors were recruited ; their presence is indicated by archaeological excavations in the vicinity of Poznań.

Duchies frequently changed hands ; control of Poznań, Gniezno and Kalisz sometimes lay with a single duke, but at other times these constituted separate duchies.

Polish patriots continued to form societies ( such as the Central Economic Society for the Grand Duchy of Poznań ), and a Polish theatre ( Teatr Polski, still functioning ) opened in 1875 ; however the authorities made efforts to Germanize the region, particularly through the Prussian Settlement Commission ( founded 1886 ).

The city again became a voivodeship capital ; in 1950 the size of Poznań Voivodeship was reduced, and the city itself was given separate voivodeship status.

Other tributaries of the Warta within Poznań are the Junikowo Stream ( Strumień Junikowski ), which flows through southern Poznań from the west, meeting the Warta just outside the city boundary in Luboń ; the Bogdanka and Wierzbak, formerly two separate tributaries flowing from the north-west and along the north side of the city centre, now with their lower sections diverted underground ; the Główna, flowing through the neighbourhood of the same name in north-east Poznań ; and the Rose Stream ( Strumień Różany ) flowing east from Morasko in the north of the city.

The main railway station is Poznań Central Station to the south-west of the city centre ; there is also the smaller Poznań Wschód and Poznań Garbary station north-east of the centre, and a number of other stations on the outskirts of the city.

* KKS Lech Poznań – men's football team ( Polish Champion: 1983, 1984, 1990, 1992, 1993, 2010 ; Polish Cup winner 1982, 1984, 1988, 2004, 2009 ; Polish SuperCup winner 1990, 1992, 2004, 2009 )

In the Free City of Cracow ( 1815 – 1846 ), a unicameral Assembly of Representatives was established, and in 1827-1845, a unicameral provincial Sejm existed in the Grand Duchy of Poznań ; Poles were elected to and represented the majority in both of these legislatures, however, they were largely powerless institutions and exercised only very limited power.

Poznań University of Technology, PUT ( Polish name: Politechnika Poznańska ; note that in Polish Politechnika has a different meaning from English, hence the translation ) is a university located in Poznań, Poland.

Paul von Hindenburg was born in Posen, Prussia ( Polish: Poznań ; until 1793 and since 1919 part of Poland

Its capital city is Poznań ; other important cities include Kalisz, Konin, Piła, Ostrów Wielkopolski and Gniezno ( an early capital of Poland ).

Its chief city is Poznań.

The region's main city and provincial capital is Poznań, near the centre of the region, on the Warta, with a population of over 560, 000.

An area of of forest and lakeland south of Poznań is designated the Wielkopolska National Park ( Wielkopolski Park Narodowy ), established in 1957.

Perhaps among them were the Varangians, which is indicated by archaeological findings in the vicinity of Poznań.

According to a new theory, Bishop Jordan, Bishop of Poland | Jordan was buried here, while Mieszko's grave location is probably the Chapel of the Virgin Mary at Ostrów Tumski, Poznań | Ostrów Tumski palace | palatium complex.

Poznań is now Poland's fifth largest city.

Poznań is an important centre of trade, industry, and education, and hosts regular international trade fairs.

Poznań was a candidate city for European Capital of Culture in 2016 and is bidding to host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.

The name Poznań probably comes from a personal name Poznan ( from the Polish participle poznan ( y ) – " one who is known / recognized ") and would mean " Poznan's town ".

The city's full official name is Stołeczne Miasto Poznań (" The Capital City of Poznań "), in reference to its role as a centre of political power in the early Polish state.

Poznań is known as Posen in German, and was officially called Haupt-und Residenzstadt Posen (" Capital and Residence City of Poznań ") between 20 August 1910 and 28 November 1918.

For centuries before the Christianization of Poland, Poznań ( consisting of a fortified stronghold between the Warta and Cybina rivers, on what is now Ostrów Tumski ) was an important cultural and political centre of the Polan tribe.

The Congress of Gniezno in 1000 led to the country's first permanent archbishopric being established in Gniezno ( which is generally regarded as Poland's capital in that period ), although Poznań continued to have independent bishops of its own.

The smaller Cybina river flows through eastern Poznań to meet the east branch of the Warta ( that branch is also called Cybina – its northern section was originally a continuation of that river, while its southern section has been artificially widened to form a main stream of the Warta ).

Opposite it between the two branches of the Warta is Ostrów Tumski, containing Poznań Cathedral and other ecclesiatical buildings, as well as housing and industrial facilities.

The climate of Poznań is continental humid with relatively cold winters and fairly cold summers.

Poznań is divided into 42 neighbourhoods ( osiedles ), each of which has its own elected council with certain decision-making and spending powers.

Nowadays Poznań is one of the major trade centers in Poland.

Poznań is regarded as the second most prosperous city in Poland after Warsaw.

Poznań was declared a stronghold city ( Festung ) in the closing stages of the war, being taken by the Red Army in the Battle of Poznań, which ended on 22 February 1945.

On 4 October 1943, during a secret meeting with top SS officials in the city of Poznań ( Posen ), and on 6 October 1943, in a speech to the party elite — the Gau and Reich leaders — Himmler referred explicitly to the " extermination " ( German: Ausrottung ) of the Jewish people.

The earliest surviving references to the city are found in the chronicles of Thietmar of Merseburg, written between 1012 and 1018: episcopus Posnaniensis (" bishop of Poznań ", in an entry for 970 ) and ab urbe Posnani (" from the city of Poznań ", for 1005 ).

The city became a part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807, and was the seat of Poznań Department-a unit of administrative division and local government.

Due to its strategic location, the Prussian authorities intended to make Poznań into a fortress city, building a ring of defensive fortifications around it.

In the interwar Second Polish Republic, the city again became the capital of Poznań Voivodeship.

Poznań fell to the Red Army ( assisted by Polish volunteers ) on 23 February 1945 following the Battle of Poznań, in which the German army conducted a last-ditch defence in line with Hitler's designation of the city as a Festung.

It also became the seat of a powiat (" Poznań County "), with the city itself gaining separate powiat status.