Previous flights were gliders ( control but no power ) or free flight ( power but no control ), but the Wright brothers combined both, setting the new standard in aviation records.

Previous generations of CPUs were implemented as discrete components and numerous small integrated circuits ( ICs ) on one or more circuit boards.

Previous schemes for color television systems, which were incompatible with existing monochrome receivers, transmitted RGB signals in various ways.

Previous editions of War and Remembrance, The Bloodstone Hunt, Operation Rebirth, Man Without a Country, and To Serve and Protect were released prior to new 2010 editions leading up to the Captain America: The First Avenger feature film.

Previous events were held in the Market Square Arena or the RCA Dome, but given the new stadium built for the Indianapolis Colts, Lucas Oil Stadium began hosting Final Four events in 2010.

Previous releases were identified only by the release number prefixed by " 4D1 -", e. g. " 4D1-2. 2 ".

Previous attempts by the U. S. Military to replace the M16 were unsuccessful or only supplemented it.

Previous head designs were needle-shaped and tended to shred the tape.

Previous kinds of conflict were demoted to criminal activities without legitimacy and not worthy of the label " war.

Previous newsreaders, such as readnews, were mostly line-oriented and designed for use on the printing terminals which were common on the early Unix minicomputers where the Usenet software and network originated.

Previous algorithms cast rays from the eye into the scene until they hit an object, but the rays were traced no further.

Previous uses were for the making of tetraethyllead and titanium metal ; because applications for these chemicals were discontinued, the production of sodium declined after 1970.

Previous attempts by Valve Software with the Half-Life series, Ritual Entertainment with SiN Episodes and Telltale Games themselves with Bone were for a variety of reasons not considered successful implementations of the distribution model.

Previous governors were appointed by the President of the United States.

Previous studies, which were focused mainly on lions from eastern and southern parts of Africa, already showed these can be possibly divided in two main clades: one to the west of the Great Rift Valley and the other to the east.

Previous telegraph lines were overland or shorter, hence had less delay and the need for extra inductance was not so great.

Previous logic had dealt with the logical constants and, or, if ... then ..., not, and some and all, but iterations of these operations, especially " some " and " all ", were little understood: even the distinction between a pair of sentences like " every boy loves some girl " and " some girl is loved by every boy " was able to be represented only very artificially, whereas Frege's formalism had no difficulty expressing the different readings of " every boy loves some girl who loves some boy who loves some girl " and similar sentences, in complete parallel with his treatment of, say, " every boy is foolish ".

Previous to a change in procedure, all responses to on-line articles were usually published in " The Inbox ".

Previous place name lists were derived from systems ( usually mapping and GIS systems ) that could not handle macrons.

* Previous DTM ( 1984 – 1994 ) then turned to ITCC by fia in 1995, based in heavily modifield cars, began to be too expensive and due to retilrement from Opel and Alfa Romeo the ITCC series were cancelled in 1996.

Previous votes against a contestant were discounted in subsequent Tribal Councils.

Previous explanations of the prokaryotic circadian timekeeper were dependent upon a DNA transcription / translation feedback mechanism.

Previous abbreviations for the virus were EBOV-Z ( for Ebola virus Zaire ) and most recently ZEBOV ( for Zaire Ebola virus or Zaire ebolavirus ).

Previous popes had generally favoured York's side of the dispute, and the successive popes Paschal II, Gelasius II, and Calixtus II had issued rulings in the late 1110s and early 1120s siding with York.

Previous attempts by past Liberal Governments in the late 1990s and early 2000s to decriminalize marijuana for personal use have failed to become law.

Previous accounts of a bright flash in the sky were dismissed as occurring too late in the evening to have caused the crash.

Previous observations suggested that they are primarily nocturnal, but a field study on two radio-collared specimens revealed arrhythmic activity patterns dominated by crepuscular and diurnal activity peaks, with much less activity late at night.

Previous reviewers include the late Craig Hinton ( who went on to write Doctor Who novels ), and Gary Russell, who subsequently became the magazine's editor.

Previous to this, the band had toured ( again, only in the US ) in late 2011 and earlier in 2012.

Previous Shaliachs in the U. S. have included Sallai Meridor, former Israel Ambassador to the U. S. ( late 1980s ); Eli Cohen, former Israel Ambassador to Japan ( early 1990s ); Tova Vagimi ; Sharon Tzur ; Yitzhak Kerstein ; Shlomo Ariav ; and Shlomi Levy.

Previous hosts of the show include LBC stalwart Therese Birch, and the late Jeremy Beadle.

Previous hosts include Giselle Fernández, Larry Mendte, Pat O ' Brien, who hosted the show alongside Nancy O ' Dell until late 2004, when he left to host the Entertainment Tonight spin-off The Insider, and O ' Dell, who hosted the show alongside Bush until late 2009, when she left to co-host Entertainment Tonight.

Previous musicians who have played in, or recorded with, Sparks include Ben Benay, Leslie Bohem, Alan Broadbent, the late Norman " Dinky " Diamond, Harold Faltermeyer, Harley Feinstein, the late Adrian Fisher, Keith Forsey, David Foster, James Goodwin, Martin Gordon, Ed Greene, Bob Haag, Ian Hampton, Christie Haydon, David Kendrick, Josh Klinghoffer, Sal Maida, Robert Mache, Earle Mankey, Jim Mankey, John Mendelsohn, Hilly Boy Michaels, Giorgio Moroder, David Paich, Mike Porcaro, Reinie Press, Hans Reumschüssel, Lee Ritenour, Thom Rotella, Jeffrey Salen, Spencer Sercombe, John Thomas, Tony Visconti, Thomas White, Trevor White, Luke Zamperini and Richie Zito.

Previous to this, there is an Oroondates who is the satrap of Memphis in the Æthiopica, a novel from late antiquity by Heliodorus of Emesa.

Previous studies allow the assumption that this prehispanic city submitted was occupied from the late preclassical horizon ( 200 BC ) to the early classic ( 0 to 200 AD ), which makes it one of the oldest cities of the country.

Previous hosts on the station included: Michel Langevin and Gabriel Grégoire ( morning show ), Mario Langlois ( mid-mornings ), Jean-Charles Lajoie ( early afternoons ), Michel Villeneuve ( afternoon drive ), Jean Chartrand ( early evenings ), Ron Fournier ( late evenings ), Marc Bryson ( weekends ) and Jacques Fabi ( general talk, weekday nights ).

Previous Hopwood winners include Brett Ellen Block, Max Apple, Lorna Beers, Sven Birkerts, John Malcolm Brinnin, John Ciardi, Tom Clark, Lyn Coffin, Cid Corman, Christopher Paul Curtis, Mary Gaitskill, Robert Hayden, Garrett Hongo, Lawrence Joseph, Jane Kenyon, Laura Kasischke, Elizabeth Kostova, Arthur Miller, Howard Moss, Davi Napoleon, Frank O ' Hara, Marge Piercy, William Craig Rice, Ari Roth, Davy Rothbart, Betty Smith, Ron Sproat, Keith Waldrop, Rosmarie Waldrop, Edmund White, Nancy Willard, Beth Tanenhaus Winsten, and Maritta Wolff.

Previous Chancellors have opted for whisky ( Kenneth Clarke ), gin and tonic ( Geoffrey Howe ), brandy and water ( Benjamin Disraeli ), spritzer ( Nigel Lawson ) and sherry and beaten egg ( William Gladstone ).

Previous Masters of Trinity House have included the diarist Samuel Pepys and the Duke of Wellington, and Admiral William Penn ( father of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania ).

Previous mayors include ( alphabetically ): Thomas Anderson, Walter Berklich, William Brainard, Dennis David, Suzanne Hall, James Kandrevas, Robert Reaume, and Norma Wurmlinger.

Previous NCFL members include Wick Academy and Fort William who both left to join the Highland Football League and the reserve teams of the Scottish Football League clubs Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Ross County.

Previous curators have included William John Woodhouse ( 1903-1937 ) Enoch Powell ( 1938 ), A. D. Trendall ( 1938-54 ) and Alexander Cambitoglou ( 1962-2000 ).

Previous mayors include Greg Gardner ( 2008-2011 ) Ian Sutherland ( 2002 – 2008 ), Corinne Lonsdale ( 1993 – 2002 ), Egon Tobus ( 1990 – 93 ), Phil Turner ( 1983 – 90 ), William Elliott ( 1980 – 83 ), Izzy Boscariol ( 1977 – 80 ) and Pat Brennan ( 1964 – 77 ).

Previous members and visitors to the society include founding member John Wilkes, Charles Dickens, William Ewart Gladstone, Benjamin Disraeli, Daniel O ' Connell, and many others throughout its 250 year history.

Previous members of the Theatricals have included Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, J. P. Morgan, Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Randolph Hearst, lyricist Alan Jay Lerner, Oscar winner Jack Lemmon, humorist Andy Borowitz, and former Massachusetts governor William Weld.

Previous conductors in residence include William Vendice, Head of Music Staff / Chorus Master, from 1995 to 2007 ; and Randall Behr, Resident Conductor, Chorus Master, and Head of Music Staff from 1988 to 1995.

Previous English and British queens consort had used the crown of Mary of Modena, wife of King James II of England, until Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, the consort of King William IV, who had a special new consort crown created for her.

Previous masters have included scholar of Islam and current Dean of Harvard Divinity School William A. Graham, chemist and Nobel laureate Dudley R. Herschbach, and classicist Gregory Nagy.

Previous members of the ASQ are William Hennessy, Douglas Weiland, Elinor Lea, Peter Tanfield, Natsuko Yoshimoto and James Cuddeford ( violin ), Keith Crellin, Esther van Stralen and Jeremy Williams ( viola ), and Janis Laurs, Cameron Retchford and Niall Brown ( cello ).

Previous winners include William Rowan Hamilton.

Previous presidents have included Larry Palmer ( 2005 – 2010 ), David Valenzuela ( 2000 – 2005 ), George Evans ( 1994 – 1999 ), William Perrin ( 1990 – 1994 ), Deborah Szekely ( 1984 to 1989 ), Peter Bell ( 1980 – 1983 ) and William Dyal ( 1971 – 1980 ).