Prior to J2000. 0, astronomers used the successive Besselian Epochs B1875. 0, B1900. 0, and B1950. 0.

( Prior to this time, there was no equal access ; major research telescopes were privately funded, and were available only to the astronomers who taught at the universities that ran them.

There are a number of interesting monuments, most notably that of Prior Vivian which was formerly in the Priory Church ( Thomas Vivian's effigy lying on a chest: black Catacleuse stone and grey marble ).

Most notably, they traded with the Pittsburgh Pirates for outfielder Kenny Lofton and third baseman Aramis Ramirez, and rode dominant pitching, led by Kerry Wood and Mark Prior, as the Cubs led the division down the stretch.

Prior to the Impressionists, other painters, notably such 17th-century Dutch painters as Jan Steen, had emphasized common subjects, but their methods of composition were traditional.

Prior to his tenure in office, the city's municipal administration was notably lax with regards to public works, and many urban dwellers lived in conditions of great poverty.

Prior to Spence again departing and the group again breaking up, the group performed a few concerts to support the album, most notably, during the last days of the Fillmore East.

Prior to that point classical economics had either denied the existence of business cycles, blamed them on external factors, notably war, or only studied the long term.

Prior struggled with his command and gave up the lead with the aid of poor defensive play, most notably the booted double play grounder and error by shortstop Alex Gonzalez.

Prior to working with Edison, Brown labored as a salesperson for the Western Electric Company and the Brush Electric Company, selling electrical devices, most notably Edison ’ s electric pen.

Prior to Burke, the classical notion of the ugly, most notably related in the writings of Augustine of Hippo, had conceived it as lacking form and therefore as non-existent.

Prior to World War II DHA did not undertake any production of aircraft ( although de Havilland designs were licence-built by other Australian organisations, most notably Qantas, the Larkin Aircraft Supply Company and the Cockatoo Island Naval Dockyard under Lawrence Wackett ).

Prior to the 2006 season the Silverbacks played at various municipal stadiums in the Greater Atlanta area, most notably DeKalb Memorial Stadium in Clarkston.

Prior to grouping, with the development and implementation by competitors ( notably L & SWR, LB & SCR, various " Tube " companies ) and electric trams ) of electric traction in the early twentieth century, SECR planned to start electrifying its lines.

Prior to the latest cuts in February 2006, the only known states that have at least one Save-Rite are Mississippi and Florida, most notably in the Orlando metro area, and in the Meridian, Mississippi area as well.

Prior to publishing his first original works of fiction, Pressfield wrote several Hollywood screenplays, most notably 1988's Above the Law starring Steven Seagal and directed by Andrew Davis, 1992 ’ s Freejack, a work of science fiction starring Emilio Estevez, Mick Jagger, and Anthony Hopkins, and 1993's Joshua Tree ( a. k. a. Army Of One ) starring Dolph Lundgren and George Segal.

Prior to this, other America traders, such as Robert Morris, had sent ships to trade with China, notably the Empress of China in 1784, but had had trouble finding goods for which the Chinese would trade.

Prior to the Amsterdam Treaty the procedure covered a wide variety of legislation, notably in relation to the creation of the Single Market.

Prior to his film and television career, he appeared in numerous productions at the Arena Stage in Washington, D. C., most notably as Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman.

Prior to the late 19th century, outdoorsmen and military personnel did not use knives that were notably different from the knives used by butchers.

Prior to the advent of modern tropical cyclone tracking technology, notably satellite imagery, many hurricanes that did not affect land directly went unnoticed, and storms that did affect land were not recognized until their onslaught.

Prior to this convention, however, there were Anti-Monopoly Parties operating at the state level, notably in California and New York.

Prior to European settlement, the Brisbane region was occupied by aboriginal tribes, notably the Jagera and Turrbal Aboriginal clans.

Prior to the Civil War, baseball competed for public interest with cricket and regional variants of baseball, notably town ball played in Philadelphia and the Massachusetts Game played in New England.

Prior to the Normandy landings on D-Day in June 1944, the Allies knew the locations of all but two of the 58 German divisions on the Western front.

Prior to the invasion of neutral Belgium by German forces, Hergé published humoristic drawings in L ' Ouest, a paper run by future collaborator Raymond de Becker and which strongly advocated that Belgium not join the war alongside its World War One allies France and Britain.

Prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1914 detachable black or white plumes were worn with the pickehaube in full dress by German generals, staff officers, dragoon regiments, infantry of the Prussian Guard and a number of line infantry regiments as a special distinction.

Prior to German reunification in 1990, the postwar eastern states were reconstituted, including the use of the full historic term Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Prior to the German invasion, in order to accomplish its own goals, the NKVD was prepared to cooperate even with such organizations as the German Gestapo.

Prior to the wedding, on 24 November 1936, Prince Bernhard was granted Dutch citizenship and changed the spelling of his names from German to Dutch.

* Prior to the 1972 release of Fritz the Cat, Austrian journalist Georg Stefan Troller ( see German Wikipedia ) interviewed Crumb for a 30-minute documentary entitled Comics und Katerideen on Crumb's life and art, as an episode of Troller's Personenbeschreibung (" Personality account ") documentary format broadcast on German ZDF.

Prior to the German campaign in France in 1940 Count Ciano leaked a warning of imminent invasion to neutral Belgium.

Prior to this, the Brothers Grimm had taught here and compiled the first German Dictionary.

Prior to the war, Lufthansa and the German aircraft industry invested heavily in the development of commercial aviation and various systems and methodologies that would improve its safety and reliability.

Prior to Haig's offensives at Ypres and Aubers Ridge in April and May, Trenchard's camera crews flew reconnaissance sorties over the German lines.

Prior to the appearance of the article by Nellen, the sole serious candidate had been the German Lutheran theologian Peter Meiderlin ( also known as Rupertus Meldenius ), who, in his Paraenesis votiva pro pace ecclesiae ad theologos Augustanae of 1626 had said, " Verbo dicam: Si nos servaremus in necesariis Unitatem, in non-necessariis Libertatem, in utrisque Charitatem, optimo certe loco essent res nostrae.

Prior to the German attack on the Soviet Union, he sent information about German troop transfers from other fronts for Operation Barbarossa through a Soviet military attaché in Vichy France.

Prior to publication, the book was extensively rewritten by its editor, Wilhelm Roggersdorf ( a pen name of the German screenwriter Wilhelm " Utz " Utermann ).

Prior to the advent of the American School, the scope of Comparative Literature in the West was typically limited to the literatures of Western Europe and Anglo-America, predominantly literature in English, German and French literature, with occasional forays into Italian literature ( primarily for Dante ) and Spanish literature ( primarily for Cervantes ).

Prior to the end of the Second World War the city was German and known as Hirschberg.

Prior to the German invasion, British forces had considered Narvik as a possible landing point for an expedition to help Finland in the Winter War.

Prior to his appointment as Chancellor, he had served in a number of other positions, including as Prime Minister of Bavaria ( 1866 – 1870 ), German Ambassador to Paris ( 1873 – 1880 ), Foreign Secretary ( 1880 ) and Imperial Lieutenant of Alsace-Lorraine ( 1885 – 1894 ).

Prior the proclamation of an East German state, the Soviets established in 1948 the German Economic Commission ( DWK ) as a de facto government in their occupation zone.

Prior to Sicily, Allied plans envisioned crossing the Strait of Messina, a limited invasion in the " instep " area ( Taranto ), and advancing up the toe of Italy, anticipating a defense by both German and Italian forces.

Prior to the attack at 07: 28 a large mine was exploded beneath the German line ; the Chums would then attack at 07: 30.