Prior to the advent of the microprocessor, a computer was usually built in a card-cage case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane consisting of a set of slots themselves connected with wires ; in very old designs the wires were discrete connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice.

Prior to the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy, as many as 5 % of people with AIDS eventually developed PML.

Prior to the advent of DNA sequencing, all cladistic analysis used morphological data.

Prior to the advent of modern dams in China, the Yellow River was extremely prone to flooding.

Prior to the advent of the charismatic Rubini, every well-schooled opera singer had avoided using a conspicuous and continuous vibrato because, according to Scott, it varied the pitch of the note being sung to an unacceptable degree and it was considered to be an artificial contrivance arising from inadequate breath control.

Prior to the advent of the railroad in the second half of the nineteenth century, the town's location on the river made for a thriving community ; it is reputed to have been the largest town between Chicago and Terre Haute at the height of its success.

Prior to the advent of the Dutch, the region was at the heart of the Mahican tribe.

Prior to the advent of tests to detect Clostridium difficile toxins, the diagnosis was most often made by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

Prior to the advent of leaded gasolines, poppet-valve engines typically required grinding of the valves and valve seats after 20, 000 to 30, 000 miles ( 32, 000 to 48, 000 km ) of service.

Prior to the advent of stand-alone DSP chips discussed below, most DSP applications were implemented using bit-slice processors.

Prior to the advent of Comus, Carnival celebrations in New Orleans were mostly confined to the Roman Catholic Creole community, and parades were irregular and often very informally organized.

Prior to the advent of Mac OS X, the Mac OS system regarded the content of a file ( the data fork ) to be a text file when its resource fork indicated that the type of the file was " TEXT ".

Prior to the advent of factory farming with its use of " zero-grazing " feeding techniques, pasture was the primary source of food for grazing animals such as cattle and horses.

Prior to the advent of Windows, DOS applications would either communicate directly with the various pieces of hardware ( responding to interrupts, reading and writing device memory etc.

Prior to the advent of the first SOCs, there was no semblance of consensus on psychiatric, psychological, medical, and surgical requirements or procedures.

Prior to the advent by North Electric of the proprietary ' LOCOTROL ' name, the product was referred to as ' RCE ' ( Radio Controlled Equipment ) or ' RCS ' ( Radio Control System ) and the lead and remote units as ' master ' and ' slave '.

Prior to the advent of the grain elevator, grain was usually handled in bags rather than in bulk ( large quantities of loose grain ).

Prior to the advent of the LPFM discussion and eventual rulemaking at the FCC, Low Power FM operations were found legally under FCC Part 15. 239 in the form of single transmitters and radiating cable operations.

Prior to the advent of home theater systems, when VCRs were used, the enhanced sound option was stereo high-fidelity sound or Dolby Pro Logic for Dolby Surround-encoded tapes.

Prior to the advent of the portable ' mill, small-scale sawmills were generally cobbled-together affairs constructed and operated by ( almost always ) two men with a penchant for tinkering.

Prior to the advent of GNSS, Celestial Navigation was also used by trained navigators on military bombers and transport aircraft in the event of all electronic navigational aids being turned off in time of war.

Prior to the advent of the web, such support had to be done either via an online service or a private Bulletin board system run by the company and accessed over a direct phone line.

Prior to the advent of computer technology, the accused were sometimes made to hold a placard with their name, date of birth, booking ID, weight and other relevant information on it.

Prior to the advent of Chinese civilization and world religions in the region generally known today as East Asia including the territorial boundaries of modern-day China ; tribal totemistic and animistic religious practices were the way in which prayers, sacrifices or offerings were communicated to the spiritual world by groups or mediatory individuals such as shamans.

Prior to the 1900 season, the league changed its name to the American League and moved several franchises to larger, strategic locations.

Prior to the American Civil War, much of the Southern United States was covered in vast tracts of primeval hardwood forests that were suitable as habitat for the bird.

Prior to the formation of the OSS ( the American version of the British Secret Intelligence Service and Special Operations Executive ), American intelligence had been conducted on an ad-hoc basis by the various departments of the executive branch, including the State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments.

* 1980 – Mark Prior, American baseball player

Prior to the rise of the railroad industry, rivers and canals were the major " highways of commerce " in the American Midwest.

Prior to the launch of its HD feed in 2004, some sitcoms and drama series were presented in this format, but now reality, talk, and game shows ( American Idol being the lone exception, as it is presented in High Definition ) are only presented in the enhanced definition widescreen mode.

Prior to the beginning of negotiations, the Japanese allegedly made the Taft-Katsura Agreement with the U. S. in July 1905, which agreed to Japanese control of Korea, in return for American dominance in the Philippines.

Prior to and immediately after European settlement, the land today comprising Lancaster and Fairfield County, Ohio was inhabited variously by the Shawnee, Iroquois, Wyandot, and other Native American tribes.

Prior studies had also assumed a clear glycemic threshold between people at high and low risk of diabetic retinopathy .< ref name =" pmid9203460 "> However, it has been shown that the widely accepted WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic cutoff for diabetes of a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7. 0 mmol / l ( 126 mg / dl ) does not accurately identify diabetic retinopathy among patients.

Prior to the missions, the American Indians had developed a complex, self-sufficient culture.

Prior to the American War of Independence, the only Regular Army unit in Bermuda was an Independent Company, based in St. George's.

Prior to the Spanish conquest ( 1519 – 1522 ) most of present day Mexico formed the Aztec Empire, a native American empire ruled from Tenochtitlán ( present day Mexico City ) by a tlatoani or " emperor ".

Prior to his career as a cameraman, Bitzer developed early cinematic technologies for the American Mutoscope Company, eventually to become the Biograph Company.

Prior to its North American release, game play footage from Super Mario Bros. 3 appeared in the Universal Studios film The Wizard, which helped fuel its fans ' anticipation.

Prior to the Europeans ' arrival to the area, it was inhabited by numerous Native American tribes, with the Cowlitz tribe being the largest.

Prior to the arrival of European settlers, the land that would become Nottoway County was inhabited by American Indians of the Nadowa tribe, an Iroquoian people.

Prior to the arrival of foreign settlers, the area that would later become Kimble County was inhabited by several Native American groups, including the Comanche, Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, and Lipan Apache.

Prior to its formal founding, the area was the site of several American Revolutionary War battles: Williams ' Plantation, Dec. 31, 1780 ; Mud Lick, March 2, 1781 ; and Bush River, May 1781.

Prior to 1837, the land was used by Native American tribes, primarily the Sac / Fox and Potawatomi, as prime hunting grounds.

Prior to the American Civil War, the center of activity focused upon " Calhoun's Landing ," named for the cotton and sugar planter Meredith Calhoun, a native of South Carolina.

Prior to that time the region was populated by a variety of Native American tribes.

Prior to his death, he was also working on a book called The War Racket: The Lies, Myths, and Propaganda that Feed the American War Machine.

Prior to the American Civil War, area roads were few and undeveloped.

Prior to European settlement, Native American tribes, including the Quapaw and later the Cherokee Indians, lived in the area.