Prior to the advent of the microprocessor, a computer was usually built in a card-cage case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane consisting of a set of slots themselves connected with wires ; in very old designs the wires were discrete connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice.

Prior to the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy, as many as 5 % of people with AIDS eventually developed PML.

Prior to the advent of DNA sequencing, all cladistic analysis used morphological data.

Prior to the advent of modern dams in China, the Yellow River was extremely prone to flooding.

Prior to the advent of the railroad in the second half of the nineteenth century, the town's location on the river made for a thriving community ; it is reputed to have been the largest town between Chicago and Terre Haute at the height of its success.

Prior to the advent of the Dutch, the region was at the heart of the Mahican tribe.

Prior to the advent of tests to detect Clostridium difficile toxins, the diagnosis was most often made by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

Prior to the advent of leaded gasolines, poppet-valve engines typically required grinding of the valves and valve seats after 20, 000 to 30, 000 miles ( 32, 000 to 48, 000 km ) of service.

Prior to the advent of stand-alone DSP chips discussed below, most DSP applications were implemented using bit-slice processors.

Prior to the advent of Comus, Carnival celebrations in New Orleans were mostly confined to the Roman Catholic Creole community, and parades were irregular and often very informally organized.

Prior to the advent of Mac OS X, the Mac OS system regarded the content of a file ( the data fork ) to be a text file when its resource fork indicated that the type of the file was " TEXT ".

Prior to the advent of factory farming with its use of " zero-grazing " feeding techniques, pasture was the primary source of food for grazing animals such as cattle and horses.

Prior to the advent of Windows, DOS applications would either communicate directly with the various pieces of hardware ( responding to interrupts, reading and writing device memory etc.

Prior to the advent of the first SOCs, there was no semblance of consensus on psychiatric, psychological, medical, and surgical requirements or procedures.

Prior to the advent by North Electric of the proprietary ' LOCOTROL ' name, the product was referred to as ' RCE ' ( Radio Controlled Equipment ) or ' RCS ' ( Radio Control System ) and the lead and remote units as ' master ' and ' slave '.

Prior to the advent of the grain elevator, grain was usually handled in bags rather than in bulk ( large quantities of loose grain ).

Prior to the advent of the LPFM discussion and eventual rulemaking at the FCC, Low Power FM operations were found legally under FCC Part 15. 239 in the form of single transmitters and radiating cable operations.

Prior to the advent of home theater systems, when VCRs were used, the enhanced sound option was stereo high-fidelity sound or Dolby Pro Logic for Dolby Surround-encoded tapes.

Prior to the advent of the portable ' mill, small-scale sawmills were generally cobbled-together affairs constructed and operated by ( almost always ) two men with a penchant for tinkering.

Prior to the advent of GNSS, Celestial Navigation was also used by trained navigators on military bombers and transport aircraft in the event of all electronic navigational aids being turned off in time of war.

Prior to the advent of the web, such support had to be done either via an online service or a private Bulletin board system run by the company and accessed over a direct phone line.

Prior to the advent of computer technology, the accused were sometimes made to hold a placard with their name, date of birth, booking ID, weight and other relevant information on it.

Prior to the advent of the American School, the scope of Comparative Literature in the West was typically limited to the literatures of Western Europe and Anglo-America, predominantly literature in English, German and French literature, with occasional forays into Italian literature ( primarily for Dante ) and Spanish literature ( primarily for Cervantes ).

Prior to the advent of Chinese civilization and world religions in the region generally known today as East Asia including the territorial boundaries of modern-day China ; tribal totemistic and animistic religious practices were the way in which prayers, sacrifices or offerings were communicated to the spiritual world by groups or mediatory individuals such as shamans.

Prior to the opening of the link, an average of 8, 000 cars used the ferries across the Great Belt every day.

# Prior to every CT examination, evaluate the appropriateness of the exam whether it is motivated or if another type of examination is more suitable.

Prior to the Guldensporenslag ( Battle of the Golden Spurs ), in May 1302 the Flemish slaughtered every Frenchman they could find in the city of Bruges.

Prior to 1984 Almere had an Adviesraad, which was chosen every 2 years ( 1978 – 1980, 1980 – 1982, 1982 – 1984 ).

The government of the order is as follows: At the head is the Prior General, elected every six years by the General Chapter.

Each province is governed by a Prior Provincial, each commissariat by a Commissary General, each of the two congregations by a Vicar General, and every monastery by a Prior ( only the Czech monastery of Alt-Brunn in Moravia is under an abbot ) and every college by a Rector.

Prior to the industrial revolution, a " village smithy " was a staple of every town.

Prior Anselm, of nearby Canterbury, recorded in 1070s and 1080s a case that had every appearance of malaria.

Prior to its inclusion in the World Championship it was held at a multitude of venues in every state of Australia.

Prior to 2005, each school was inspected for a week every six years, with two months notice to prepare for an inspection.

The Pull takes place across the Black River in Holland, Michigan, and now takes place on the first Saturday of October every year ( Prior to 1993 it was held on a Friday ).

Prior to this and for quite some time after, many other personal computer systems instead used their main, general purpose CPU to handle almost every aspect of drawing the display short of generating the final video signal.

Prior to the CNE, a major agricultural fair was held in a different city every year in the province of Ontario.

Prior to 1990, The Lancet had volume numbering that reset every year.

Prior to 1977, every official water speed record had been set by an American or Briton.

Prior to September 2009 Owens Park BOP ( Big Old Party ) was a night held in Owens Park every Friday in the Owens Park tower's ball room for students of the University of Manchester.

Prior to 1957, BBC radio covered every home Test match, with Arlott normally one of the commentators, but it did not broadcast uninterrupted ball-by-ball commentary.

Prior to filming, Fusco drove Estevez across New Mexico and Arizona to visit every documented Billy the Kid site.

Prior to the October revolution in 1917, the tune was played by the Moscow Kremlin carillon every day at midday.

Prior to the establishment of the Poor Law Union, almost every aspect of local governance had been shared between three authorities ; the Justices of the Peace for the West Riding in their Quarter or Special sessions ; the Parish of Royston ( until 1843 ) and its Vestry, and the Manor of Cudworth with its Court Baron and Court Leet.

Bertrand Russell, in his History of Western Philosophy, writes that the Anabaptists " repudiated all law, since they held that the good man will be guided at every moment by the Holy Spirit ... rom this premiss they arrive at communism ...." Prior to Leo Tolstoy, Christian anarchism found one of its most articulate exponents in Gerrard Winstanley, who was part of the Diggers movement in England during the English Civil War.