Prior to modern times, there was no distinction between architects, engineers and often artists, and the title used varied depending on geographical location.

Prior to this, in Old and Middle English, the word was usually spelled Crist the i being pronounced either as, preserved in the names of churches such as St Katherine Cree, or as a short, preserved in the modern pronunciation of Christmas.

Prior to the modern proliferation of environmental regulation, the doctrines of nuisance ( public or private ), trespass, negligence, and strict liability apportioned harm and assigned liability for activities that today would be considered pollution and likely governed by regulatory regimes.

Prior to the introduction of modern reinforced-soil gravity walls, cantilevered walls were the most common type of taller retaining wall.

Prior to System / 360, IBM also sold computers smaller in scale that were not considered mainframes, though they were still bulky and expensive by modern standards.

Prior to the modern history of science, scientific questions were addressed as a part of metaphysics known as natural philosophy.

Prior to its expansion under Philip II, the ancient kingdom of Macedonia, to which the modern region owes its name, lay entirely within the current Greek province of Macedonia.

Prior to the independence as a modern state in 1947, the country was both independent and under various colonial empires throughout different time periods.

Prior to the adoption of the modern binomial system of naming species, a scientific name consisted of a generic name combined with a specific name that was from one to several words long.

Prior to the 4th century BC, the kingdom covered a region approximately corresponding to the Western and Central parts of province of Macedonia in modern Greece.

Prior to the advent of modern dams in China, the Yellow River was extremely prone to flooding.

Prior to the arrival of Māori settlers in the 13th century, much of the modern Canterbury region was covered in scrub and beech forests.

His personality reflects more modern, pragmatic attitudes and progressive ethics than those of his time, which often puts him in conflict with his brethren, particularly with his superior Prior Robert and Robert's clerk Brother Jerome, who disapprove of Cadfael for his casual attitude toward rules and for the privileges that are allowed him by their Abbot.

" Prior to this modern meaning, " enharmonic " referred to relations in which ( using traditional notation ) there is no exact equivalence between a sharpened note and the flattened note., as in enharmonic scale.

Prior to becoming a village, the area that constitutes modern day Brockport was primarily occupied by the Muoio Indian tribe ( A branch of the Seneca ).

This consists of an animal management centre and a modern building, the Priory Centre, which is shared with Prior Pursglove College

Prior to the 13th century, Tai kingdoms had existed on the northern highlands including the Ngoenyang ( centered on Chiang Saen ; predecessor of Lanna ) kingdom and the Heokam ( centered on Chiang Hung, modern Jinghong in China ) kingdom of Tai Lue people.

Prior to the formation of the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the native population of Nejd consisted mainly of members of several Arabian tribes, who were either nomads ( bedouins ), or sedentary farmers and merchants.

Prior to the modern POS, all of these functions were done independently and required the manual re-keying of information, which resulted in a lot of errors.

Prior to modern times, children were considered " little " adults, rather than today's conception of them as " unformed " adults.

A. N. Prior created modern temporal logic, closely related to modal logic, in 1957 by adding modal operators and meaning " eventually " and " previously ".

Prior to modern archaeological studies, most Biblical scholars held the opinion that the Jebusites were identical to the Hittites, which continues to be the case, though less so.

Prior to modern times, the three main branches of the current corporate family tree were for many years themselves systems: Norfolk and Western, formed in 1881, Southern Railway System in 1894, and Conrail, formed much later, in 1976 .< ref name = trainsmag >

Prior to the advent of modern methods of verifying death, people feared that they would be buried alive.

Prior to the advent of modern military pontoon bridge-building equipment, floating bridges were typically constructed using wood.

Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern and central Chile was under Inca rule while independent Mapuche inhabited south-central Chile.

Prior to 1933, the ownership and management of the transport system in London was distributed among a large number of independent and separate organisations.

Prior to 1791 Vermont was an independent state, known as the Vermont Republic, governed under the Constitution of the Vermont Republic.

Prior to 1984, AT & T Corp. also held investments in two smaller and otherwise independent companies, Cincinnati Bell and Southern New England Telephone ( SNET ).

The Discalced friars became an independent religious congregation with their own Prior General in 1592, and were raised to the status of a separate mendicant Order in 1610.

On August 3, 2010, Prior agreed to an independent league contract with the Orange County Flyers of the Golden Baseball League.

Prior to this transition, there were discussions about relocating the school and merging with Princeton University, but the administration opted to remain independent.

Prior to becoming an independent authority, ELSTAT was involved in a number of scandals involving false statistics regarding the condition of the Greek economy in recent years.

Prior to that they had been reported in the religious census as part of the movement that had its roots in the several independent movements that occurred through the leadership of people such as Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, Walter Scott, and Barton W. Stone.

Prior to the establishment of the UK Statistics Authority, the statistical work of ONS, since June 2000, was scrutinized by the Statistics Commission, an independent body with its own chairman and small staff.

Prior to the National Front in Kosovo, the Albanian National Front Strongly advocated for an independent Kosovo from Yugoslavia prior to the break up.

Prior to its incorporation into Berlin in 1920, Köpenick was an independent town.

Prior to the ' official ' 1984 and 1985 Eldorado convertibles marketed by Cadillac, some 1979-83 Eldorados were made into coach convertibles by independent coachbuilders e. g. American Sunroof Corporation, Custom Coach ( Lima, Ohio-this coachbuilder turned a few 1977 and 1978 Eldorados into convertibles ), Hess & Eisenhardt.

Prior to the introduction of JUPAS in 1990, the admission process of tertiary education institutes were independent of each other, and two separate entrance examinations, the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination ( HKALE ) which was designed for a three years tertiary education curriculum ( mainly used by University of Hong Kong ), and Hong Kong Higher Level Examination ( HKHLE ), which was designed for a four years tertiary education curriculum ( mainly used by Chinese University of Hong Kong ) were provided for students.

Prior to the election, he switched from a Democrat to an independent.

Prior to the formation of Metro, the municipalities surrounding the central City of Toronto were all independent towns and villages.

Prior to the existence of the Department of Justice, the U. S. Attorneys were independent of the Attorney General, and did not come under the AG's supervision and authority until 1870, with the creation of the Department of Justice.

Prior to 1815 the area now known as " Jammu and Kashmir " comprised 22 small independent states ( 16 Hindu and 6 Muslim ) carved out of territories controlled by the Afghanistan Amir ( King ) combined with those of local small rulers.

Prior to his election to the federal parliament, Windsor was an independent member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1991 to 2001, representing the electoral district of Tamworth.

Prior to this, the Catholic Church had only existed in the form of independent congregations in Sweden, for example, the Diocese of Stockholm which was founded in 1953.

Prior to its 2001 acquisition by Citytv's former parent company CHUM Limited, CKVU previously operated as an independent station and then later became a Global owned-and-operated station in 1997.

Prior to February 1, 2005 Kuguno was an independent town in the district of Ono, but has since merged with the City of Takayama.

Prior to the 1990s there were only a handful of independent schools in Sweden, mostly tuition-funded boarding schools.