Prior to 1958 a method of raising energy in the coven's circle was by the practice of " binding and scourging ", mostly used as an initiation rite, and related to the Roman Catholic scourging used to heighten the initiates sensitivity and spiritual experience.

Prior to independence, the French establishment and Catholic Church feared Opangault's radicalism and favored the rise of Fulbert Youlou, a former priest.

Prior to the establishment of Glasnevin Cemetery, Irish Catholics had no cemeteries of their own in which to bury their dead and, as the repressive Penal Laws of the eighteenth century placed heavy restrictions on the public performance of Catholic services, it had become normal practice for Catholics to conduct a limited version of their own funeral services in Protestant cemeteries.

Prior to the integration of Newfoundland's public ( government-funded ) school system in the late 1990s, those public schools administered by the Catholic Church mandated strict, uniform-like dress codes ( shirts and ties for boys, dresses or skirts for girls ), though many girls were outraged at this due to the freezing weather, at the elementary and junior high school levels, lifting most restrictions for high school students.

Prior to this date Fisher had denounced various abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, urging the need of disciplinary reforms.

Prior to the Code of Canon Law of 1983, the Catholic Church expected in rare cases ( known as excommunication vitandi ) the faithful to shun an excommunicated member in secular matters.

Prior Lake also has a private Roman Catholic parochial school, St. Michael Catholic School, which serves grades PreK through 8.

Prior to the construction of the current chapel, Roman Catholic services were held in the ice house at Lakeview House.

Prior to an Act of Parliament in 1824, Protestant deputies were required when the Earl Marshal was a Roman Catholic.

Prior to Holtzmann, most Catholic scholars held to the Augustinian hypothesis ( Matthew → Mark → Luke ) and Protestant biblical critics favored the Griesbach hypothesis ( Matthew → Luke → Mark ).

Prior to the advent of Comus, Carnival celebrations in New Orleans were mostly confined to the Roman Catholic Creole community, and parades were irregular and often very informally organized.

His death accepted as during or after 1126 at page 291 of " Early Scottish Charters, Prior to 1153 ", Sir Archibald Campbell Lawrie ( editor ), Glasgow, 1910, Published by James Maclehose and Sons, Glasgow, 1905, it is stated that Eadmer died on 13 January 1123 .. Eadmer must also be credited with being one of the first serious proponents of the Catholic doctrine of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary when he defended popular traditions in his De Conceptione sanctae Mariae.

The corporation consists of four ex officio members: the president of the college, the Prior Provincial of the Dominican Province of St. Joseph, the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence, and the chairman of the Board of Trustees.

They believe that “ The emergent ideology is a perversion of the Word of God and the doctrine of the Church of the Nazarene .” The group circulated a petition to members of the denomination, which was presented by 500 members to the Board of General Superintendents in January 2009, with the desire that “ Our fervent hope and prayer is that the General Superintendents will respond by purging our denomination of the emergent cancer before it is too late .” Prior to the most recent General Assembly held in July 2009, the Concerned Nazarenes advocated revising the Articles of Faith to affirm biblical inerrancy: “ Old and New Testaments are inerrant throughout and the supreme authority on everything the scriptures teach .” Further, they are concerned about the teaching of open theism and biological evolution in Nazarene universities ; invitations to emergent church leaders Brian McLaren, Leonard Sweet, and Doug Pagitt to speak at Nazarene institutions ; and the use of “ experiential works-based techniques for prayer ”, including prayer labyrinths, prayer stations and retreats to Roman Catholic monasteries.

Mackintosh was raised in his mother's Roman Catholic faith and educated at Prior Park College in Bath.

Through two Papal Bulls issued dated 1585 and 1586, the Roman Catholic Church removed the monastery from the control of the powerful Archbishop of Toledo and placed it under the monastery's Prior.

Prior to 1960, the U. S. had never had a Catholic president.

Prior to the 16th century, there had been one faith in Western European Christendom, and that was the Catholic faith.

Prior to this transition, Marylhurst University had been the only Catholic institution of higher learning to serve the educational needs of Oregon women.

He attended Roman Catholic schools, including Prior Park College, before going to Portsmouth Grammar School.

Prior to the reforms instituted after the Second Vatican Council, the Roman Catholic Church mandated fasting ( only one full meal per day plus two partial, meatless meals ) on all Ember Days ( which meant both fasting and abstinence from meat on Ember Fridays ), and the faithful were encouraged ( though not required ) to receive the sacrament of penance whenever possible.

Prior to the French Revolution, the Catholic Church had been the official state religion of France since the conversion to Christianity of Clovis I, leading to France being called " the eldest daughter of the Church.

Prior to the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, the Catholic Church enjoyed preferential treatment from the French state ( formally along with the Jewish, Lutheran and Calvinist minority religions, but in practice with much more influence than those ).

There are a number of interesting monuments, most notably that of Prior Vivian which was formerly in the Priory Church ( Thomas Vivian's effigy lying on a chest: black Catacleuse stone and grey marble ).

Prior to the 1906 separation, congregations would typically be named " Disciples of Christ ," " Christian Church ," and " Church of Christ.

Prior Diego saw immediately one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement: the representatives of the Holy Church acted and moved with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony.

The recipients of these letters included Philippe de Cabassoles, bishop of Cavaillon ; Ildebrandino Conti, bishop of Padua ; Cola di Rienzo, tribune of Rome ; Francesco Nelli, priest of the Prior of the Church of the Holy Apostles in Florence ; and Niccolò di Capoccia, a cardinal and priest of Saint Vitalis.

On 12 October 1534, Prior Henry Bassingbourne confirmed Henry VIII ’ s supremacy over the Church and rejected the incumbent " Roman Bishop ".

Prior to the Civil War they were joined by the Roe, Leonard and Stansfield families, who helped establish St. Mary's Episcopal Church and leading businesses like a general store and the Leonard Wax Company.

The uprising spread to the provinces, taking the lives of the abbess of the Benedictine nuns in Évora, the Prior of the Collegiate Church of Guimarães, and Lançarote Pessanha, Admiral of Portugal, who was murdered at the Castle of Beja.

Prior to the disestablishment of the Church in Wales in 1920, the Anglican church in Britain operated under the jurisdiction of the Church of England throughout Wales and England.

Prior to the 1906 partial union, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church placed a great deal of emphasis on education and sponsored 22 colleges and universities.

Prior to the split, the Old School Presbyterian Church was the only mainline Protestant denomination to maintain a national unity across sectional lines as late as mid-1861.

Prior to this, the Common Lands of the village were owned by the Lord of the Manor of Wraysbury, at that time John Simon Harcourt, the Church, and the Trustees of William Gyll esq., although, as common land, they were subject to legal rights of pasture and grazing for copyholders and other tenants.

Prior to the institution of civil marriages in Greece, the only legally recognized marriages were those conducted in the Church of Greece.

Prior to being elected as Moderator, he served in a number of congregations in eastern and northern Canada, most recently Wilmot United Church in Fredericton, New Brunswick.

He, along with the four or five other Great Officers — the Lord Prior of St John, who acts as the lieutenant of and deputy to the Grand Prior ; the Prelate, a member of episcopal rank in the Church of England ; the Deputy Lord Prior or Priors, depending on the Grand Prior's needs, who act accordingly as lieutenants and deputies to the Lord Prior ; and the Sub-Prelate, who has interests in the commanderies and associations of the organization — as well as the Priors and Chancellors of each of the order's eight priories and the Hospitaller make up the Grand Council.

Prior to 1960, in order to provide matching for the minimum ( base ) allotment, State funds had to equal 1954 State funds.

Prior to meeting Mallowan, Christie had not had any extensive brushes with archaeology, but once the two married they made sure to only go to sites where they could work together.

Prior to the Akkadian period the progressive salinisation of the soils, produced by poorly drained irrigation, had been reducing yields of wheat in the southern part of the country, leading to the conversion to more salt-tolerant barley growing.

Prior to his death, according to the Book of Jubilees, Amram was among those who went to Egypt and recovered the bones of the sons of his grandfather and great uncles ( excluding those of Joseph which had already been brought to Canaan ), so that they could be reburied in the cave of Machpelah.

Prior to the flood, speculators had purchased the abandoned reservoir, made less than well-engineered repairs to the old dam, raised the lake level, built cottages and a clubhouse, and created the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.

Prior to creating the Asterix series, Goscinny and Uderzo had previously had success with their series Oumpah-pah, which was published in the Tintin magazine.

Prior to 2006, in common with many other Caribbean countries, Cable & Wireless ( Caribbean ) had a statutory monopoly on telephone and other electronic communications services.

Prior to the 1867 Reform Bill the working class did not possess the vote and therefore had little tangible political power.

Prior to this time, Judah had been a vassal of the Assyrian empire, but the rapid decline of Assyria after c. 630 led Josiah to assert his independence and institute a religious reform stressing loyalty to Yahweh, the national God.

Prior to the period of these scriptures, Mahāyāna metaphysics had been dominated by teachings on emptiness in the form of Madhyamaka philosophy.

Prior movements had all originated in cities which were home to at least two teams.

Prior to this, his political views had been conservative.

Prior to this event, the technique had been published in an issue of 391 in the poem by Tzara, dada manifesto on feeble love and bitter love under the sub-title, TO MAKE A DADAIST POEM

Prior to his death, he had, at his wife Plectrude's urging, designated Theudoald, his grandson by their son Grimoald, his heir in the entire realm.

Prior to the 1995 season, the Rockies acquired free-agent outfielder Larry Walker, previously of the Montreal Expos, who replaced Kingery as the 4th member of the " Blake Street Bombers "— named after the street on which the new ballpark ( Coors Field ) was located — along with Galarraga, Bichette, and third baseman Vinny Castilla, who had played sparingly with the major-league club during the previous season.

Prior to partition, both regions had cholera pathogens with similar characteristics.

Prior to the hiatus, the strip ’ s characters had aged at the tectonically slow rate standard for comic strips.

Prior to this period, the College had clung to traditional methods of instruction and was relatively poorly funded.

Prior to this assignment, no women had lived on island since those on the plantation in 1971.

Prior to this, most music heard on radio was live ; most radio stations had an orchestra or band on the payroll.

As time passed, Prior Diego sanctioned the building of a monastery for girls whose parents had sent them to the care of the Albigensians because their families were too poor to fulfill their basic needs.

" Prior to Draper, Beauchamp & Davidson had also offered a definition which includes these elements, although they offered a somewhat longer account, and one that specifically discounts fetuses in order to distinguish between abortions and euthanasia:

Prior to 1986, the Australian banks organized a widespread uniform credit card, called Bankcard, which had been in existence since 1974.