Prior to the passage of the United States Constitution, several States passed their own various copyright laws between 1783 and 1787, the first state being Connecticut.

Prior to the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 2007, the state-owned Liberia Telecommunications Corporation ( LIBTELCO ) held a legal monopoly for all fixed line services in Liberia, and remains the sole licensed fixed line telephone service provider in the country.

* Prior to the passage of the Statute of Westminster, the U. K. government continued to have a significant role in Irish governance.

Prior to the passage of the amendment, residents of Washington, D. C. were forbidden from voting for President or Vice President as the District is not a U. S. state.

Prior to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, protests about local racial segregation which began quietly in Franklin Street restaurants led to mass demonstrations and disturbance.

Aristotle was apparently receptive to such an idea, as evidenced by a passage in his Prior Analytics:

Prior to the passage of this Act, anyone succeeding to a title in the peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, would prove their succession by a writ of summons to Parliament.

Prior to the passage of the Taft – Hartley Act by Congress over President Harry S. Truman's veto in 1947, unions and employers covered by the National Labor Relations Act could lawfully agree to a closed shop, in which employees at unionized workplaces must be members of the union as a condition of employment.

Prior to the passage of the 1753 Act such an exchange only created a binding contract to marry rather than a legal marriage.

Prior to the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 the Marquesses sat in the House of Lords as the Earls of Hillsborough.

Prior to the passage of the McCain-Feingold law, also known as the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, it was generally accepted that 527s were not covered by campaign finance laws.

Prior to the passage of the FMLA, the provision of leave for family or medical reasons was left to the discretion of individual employers.

Prior to his arrest, he was contacted by several sympathetic politicians and warned about the forthcoming proceedings and offered safe passage out of Lebanon.

Prior to the passage of Medicare, the committee was studying health care insurance coverage for elderly American citizens.

Prior to the passage of this bill, Alaska was spread over four time zones ( Pacific, Yukon, Alaska-Hawaii, and Bering ).

Prior to the passage of the bill, a statement from Taipei's Mainland Affairs Council and a resolution overwhelming passed by the ROC legislature stated that the status quo is that the Republic of China is sovereign and independent.

Prior to the passage of C-293, parliamentary committees and NGOs had called for a clearer mandate for ODA.

Prior to 1927, the King was considered " King in South Africa " rather than " King of South Africa ", as, until the passage of the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927, constitutional law held that there was a single indivisible monarchy with the Dominions treated as territories of the British Sovereign.

Prior to the passage and subsequent enforcement ( through litigation ) of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and other laws, most archaeologists, historians, and other historic preservation specialists were employed primarily in the field of academia, working at universities or other places of higher learning.

Prior to the passage of the Act, the law on publishing obscene materials was governed by the common law case of R v Hicklin, which had no exceptions for artistic merit or the public good.

Prior to the passage of same-sex marriage legislation, there was litigation in New York courts regarding the recognition of same-sex marriage licenses from other jurisdictions.

Prior to the passage of Proposition E, the Muni was governed by the Public Transportation Commission and the Department of Parking and Traffic was governed by the Parking and Traffic Commission.

Prior to this date, however, Mexican immigration was not restricted in the way it is today: “ a Mexican caught crossing the border illegally was told that if he wished to enter the US, he had to do so at a regular station and pay the fees .” Moreover, immigration from the Western Hemisphere had remained unrestricted until 1965 with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act, even though countries from Eastern Europe and Africa, for example, had limitations, severely restricting immigration from those countries.

Prior to each round, the moderator reads the Aurelia passage to the players as an example of how he or she pronounces each sound in Latin.

Prior to entry to high voltage area, terminal components must be grounded using a grounding stick.

Prior to the 19th century, however, they had significant influence, using to their advantage the fact that most citizens were disenfranchised and seats in the Commons were allocated disproportionately.

Prior to this the reed pen had been used, but a finer letter was achieved on animal skin using a cured quill.

Prior to the development of metal movable type, most printing was done using blocks carved from wood.

Prior to Marx, economists noted that the problem with using the " quantity of labour " to establish the value of commodities was that the time spent by an unskilled worker would be longer than the time spent on the same commodity by a skilled worker.

Prior to this, training in Kenjutsu had consisted mainly of basic technique practice and paired kata, using solid wooden practice swords ( bokutō ), or live blades.

Prior to the use of matches, fires were obtained using a burning glass ( a lens ) to focus the sun on tinder, a method that could only work on sunny days, or by igniting tinder with sparks produced by striking flint and steel.

Prior to the advent of the charismatic Rubini, every well-schooled opera singer had avoided using a conspicuous and continuous vibrato because, according to Scott, it varied the pitch of the note being sung to an unacceptable degree and it was considered to be an artificial contrivance arising from inadequate breath control.

Prior to the release of Windows Mobile 2003, third-party software was developed using Microsoft's eMbedded Visual Tools, eMbedded Visual Basic ( eVB ) and eMbedded Visual C ( eVC ).

" Prior to this modern meaning, " enharmonic " referred to relations in which ( using traditional notation ) there is no exact equivalence between a sharpened note and the flattened note., as in enharmonic scale.

Prior to her death, the victim had reported using the dried leaves of the plant to induce menstruation with no ill effects.

Prior Lake is also popular with snowmobilers and can be accessed using the Scott County Snowmobile Trail and other designated trails in the winter.

Prior to the 1820s, Norwich was served by vessels using the River Yare, which flows through Breydon Water before joining the River Bure and then the North Sea near Great Yarmouth.

Prior to the cessation of commercial traffic in 1972, pleasure craft were prohibited from using the locks, but leisure use of the navigation was encouraged after that date.

Prior to the building of the canal, navigation between the towns of Bridgwater and Taunton was possible by using the River Parrett and the River Tone.

Prior to the bridge opening, commuters would go from one bank to the other either by using the ferry that ran between Hull and New Holland, Lincolnshire or driving via the M62, M18 and M180 motorways, crossing the River Ouse near Goole ( connected to the Humber ) in the process.

Prior to the advent of stand-alone DSP chips discussed below, most DSP applications were implemented using bit-slice processors.

Prior to the release of " Solitary Man ", Diamond had considered using a stage name ; he came up with two possibilities, " Noah Kaminsky " and " Eice Charry ".

Prior to any measurements being made, the polarizations of the photons are indeterminate ; If a measurement is made on one of the photons using a two-channel polarizer aligned with the axes of the coordinate system, the photon assumes either horizontal or vertical polarization, with 50 % probability for each orientation, and the other two photons immediately assume the identical polarization.

Prior to 1807, Denmark-Norway had followed a policy of armed neutrality, using its naval forces only to protect trade flowing within, into, and out of Danish and Norwegian waters.

Prior to recent history most postgraduate education in the United States was accomplished using the mentor system.

Prior to this, those wishing to become monks / nuns were ordained using the

Prior to iTunes 9. 0, the iTunes Store was delivered using a custom XML format that describes the position of all of the elements, boxes, album art and all of their properties — including whether a reference link can be dragged out of iTunes and into another document.

Prior to their adoption, standardized testing was not traditionally a part of Western pedagogy ; based on the sceptical and open-ended tradition of debate inherited from Ancient Greece, Western academia favored non-standardized assessments using essays written by students.

Prior to WGS 60, the U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force had each developed a world system by using different approaches to the gravimetric datum orientation method.