Prior to the First Buddhist Council, it was proposed that Ananda not be permitted to attend on the grounds that he was not yet an arahant.

Prior to the Islamic conquest of Sindh by the Arabian armies of Muhammad Bin Qasim, the land where Mirpur Khas now stands used to be a thriving Buddhist settlement known as Kahoo Jo Daro.

Prior to his abbotship, Hsin Ting held a variety of high posts, such as the secretary of Fo Guang Shan's Religious Affairs Committee, Managing Director of the Ilan Buddhist Society, President of the American Buddhist Youth Association, Vice President and later President of the BLIA chapter in Taiwan.

Prior to his election as abbot, Hsin Pei was in charge of discipline action at Fo Guang Shan's main Bei Hai Buddhist College, as well as administration at the Male Buddhist University at the main monastery in Kao Hsiung County in southern Taiwan.

Prior to the period of these scriptures, Mahāyāna metaphysics had been dominated by teachings on emptiness in the form of Madhyamaka philosophy.

Prior to that, education was limited to monastic teachings in monasteries, except for a few privileged people who went to Darjeeling to receive western-type education.

Prior to the period of these scriptures, Mahayana metaphysics had been dominated by teachings on emptiness in the form of Madhyamaka philosophy.

* Prior to the exit counseling, the exit counselor has meetings with the family who want the exit counseling, where the specific concerns of the family are determined, the family is informed about the group and its teachings, the goal of the exit counseling: an informed choice of the follower to either stay in the group or leave it, the results which can be expected, as well as further supportive steps when the follower does decide to leave his group.

Prior to studying under Milarepa, Gampopa had studied the kadampa traditions, which is a gradual path based on the lamrim teachings.

Prior to Eck's involvement, Cajetan had expressed his desire that the committee members examine the whole context of Luther's writings and specify careful distinctions among the various degrees of censure to be applied to Luther's teachings.

He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle, extant are those on the Prior Analytics, Topics, Meteorology, Sense and Sensibilia, and Metaphysics.

His extant commentaries are on Prior Analytics ( Book 1 ), Topics, Meteorology, Sense and Sensibilia, and Metaphysics ( Books 1-5 ).

There are a number of interesting monuments, most notably that of Prior Vivian which was formerly in the Priory Church ( Thomas Vivian's effigy lying on a chest: black Catacleuse stone and grey marble ).

Prior to dividing by, one needs to check if there are stationary ( also called equilibrium )

Prior to the Crucifixion the Jews are called Israelites, the honorific title of God's chosen people ; after it, they are called " Ioudaioi ", Jews, a sign that through their rejection of the Christ the " kingdom of Heaven " has been taken away from them and given instead to the church.

Prior to the Babylonian exile, the names of only four months are referred to in the Tanakh:

Prior to the publication of Keynes ' General Theory, mainstream economic thought was that the economy existed in a state of general equilibrium, meaning that the economy naturally consumes whatever it produces because the needs of consumers are always greater than the capacity of the economy to satisfy those needs.

Prior to the meiosis process the cell's chromosomes are duplicated by a round of DNA replication, creating from the maternal and paternal versions of each chromosome ( homologs ) two exact copies, sister chromatids, attached at the centromere region.

Prior to the 19th century distinctive May day celebrations were widespread throughout West Cornwall, and are being revived in St. Ives and Penzance.

Prior to the development of the Boehm system, flutes were most commonly made of wood, with an inverse conical bore, eight keys, and tone holes ( the openings where the fingers are placed to produce specific notes ) that were small in size, and thus easily covered by the fingertips.

Prior to the European foundation of the city, there was no established nation state, and the population instead consisted of some indigenous semi-nomad groups that are collectively called Chichimecas.

The oldest surviving writing to explicitly consider the rules by which reason operates are the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, especially Prior Analysis and Posterior Analysis.

Prior versions have been and still are in widespread use, so this section provides an overview of the changes to the older 4. x formats.

Prior to the launch of its HD feed in 2004, some sitcoms and drama series were presented in this format, but now reality, talk, and game shows ( American Idol being the lone exception, as it is presented in High Definition ) are only presented in the enhanced definition widescreen mode.

Prior to the Spellplague descendants of the Miyeritar dark elves later succeed in reversing their transformation and are recreated as a distinct dark elf race.

Prior to the adoption of the California Job Case, the capital letters were stored in a separate drawer or case that was located above the case that held the other letters ; this is why capital letters are called " upper case " characters while the non-capitals are " lower case ".

Prior to his service with the Union Army, he developed several investigative techniques that are still used today.

Prior to trial, most proceedings in non-criminal courts are conducted via papers filed in the court, often through lawyers.

The Prior Analytics contains his exposition of the " syllogistic ", where three important principles are applied for the first time in history: the use of variables, a purely formal treatment, and the use of an axiomatic system.

Their politics may be different but such people share the morality of Laval and Pétain ... they are willing not only to tolerate evil, but to excuse it ... Both Jim Prior and Keith Joseph know that George Ward and Grunwick are not perfect, nor was Czechoslovakia perfect in 1938.

His personality reflects more modern, pragmatic attitudes and progressive ethics than those of his time, which often puts him in conflict with his brethren, particularly with his superior Prior Robert and Robert's clerk Brother Jerome, who disapprove of Cadfael for his casual attitude toward rules and for the privileges that are allowed him by their Abbot.

Prior to the introduction of specialised video connector standards such as SCART, TVs were designed to only accept signals through the aerial connector: signals originate at a TV station, are transmitted over the air, and are then received by an antenna and fed into the TV.

Prior to the bubonic plague epidemic known as the Black Death, Mongol and Turkish armies were reported to have catapulted disease-laden corpses into besieged cities.

Prior to 1976, it was known as the Canadian Radio and Television Commission, which was established in 1968 by the Parliament of Canada to replace the Board of Broadcast Governors.

Prior to the second world war, the subject was commonly known as radio engineering and basically was restricted to aspects of communications and radar, commercial radio and early television.

Prior to his accession, he was known as.

Prior to this they were known as " fossil fir cones " and " bezoar stones.

Prior to his employment with Talleyrand, Carême had become known for his pièces montèes, which were extravagant constructions of pastry and sugar architecture.

Prior to that, the fan publications were known as " fanmags " or " letterzines ".

Prior to independence as Zimbabwe, the nation had been known by several names: Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe-Rhodesia.

Prior to the introduction of the Latin term, incest was known in Old English as sibbleger ( from sibb ' kinship ' + leger ' to lie ') or mǣġhǣmed ( from mǣġ ' kin, parent ' + hǣmed ' sexual intercourse ') but in time, both words fell out of use.

Prior to the modern history of science, scientific questions were addressed as a part of metaphysics known as natural philosophy.

Prior to the 20th century, it was also known as Piscis Notius.

Prior to the Reagan administration, the United States economy experienced a decade of rising unemployment and inflation, ( known as stagflation ).

Prior to the events, the university received a facelift that included extensive renovations to the Rice – Eccles Stadium, a light rail track leading to downtown Salt Lake City, a new student center known as the Heritage Center, an array of new student housing, and a 134-room campus hotel and conference center.

Prior to vaccination with cowpox, the only known protection against smallpox was inoculation or variolation ( Variola-the Smallpox viruses ) where a small amount of live smallpox virus was administered to the patient ; this carried the serious risk that the patient would be killed or seriously ill.

Prior to the first X-ray diffraction experiments, the spacings between lattice planes in a crystal were not known with certainty.

Prior to Thurston, there were only a handful of known examples of hyperbolic 3-manifolds of finite volume, such as the Seifert – Weber space.

Prior to 1791 Vermont was an independent state, known as the Vermont Republic, governed under the Constitution of the Vermont Republic.

The first known definition in the West is by Aristotle around 350 BC, in his book Prior Analytics, where he classified it as a material fallacy.

Prior to Belarus gaining its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the language was known in English as Byelorussian or Belorussian, transliterating the Russian name,, or alternatively as White Ruthenian or White Russian.

Prior to 1983 it was known as the Bellanca Aircraft Company.

Prior to the move, Annapolis was known as " Providence ".

Prior to independence, " Harare " was the name of the Black residential area now known as Mbare.

Prior to the Civil War, the Pottawatomie Massacre ( May 24 – 25, 1856 ) was one of the many bloody episodes in Kansas preceding which came to be known collectively as Bleeding Kansas.

Prior to Fourier's work, no solution to the heat equation was known in the general case, although particular solutions were known if the heat source behaved in a simple way, in particular, if the heat source was a sine or cosine wave.